Classical quiz 2 chapters 4,5,and 6
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2014flolyn on October 2, 2011
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80 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What makes a good government? | Rome =Good laws Han=Good Men |
| Han Empire-How was this empire established? | was established through military conflicts through warring states, but the Han Empire only used military force when necessary,they would rather solve problems peacefully |
| Han Empire-What did the Han want to do with people who were not Chinese? | They wanted non chinese people to assimilate into their culture by learning their language customs etc. Han saw themselves as a model for all people to follow |
| Han Empire-Who did the Han have unstable boarders with and how did they try and solve the problem? | they had unstable boarders with the Xiongnu who would invade, so they built the great wall, but the great wall did not help so they preferred having Han Empire people intermarry Xiongnu people and bribery |
| Han Empire-Who was the Xiongnu? | was a nomadic group to the North with excellent horsemen |
| Han Empire- what system did Emperor's rule with and how did this system work? | Emperor's ruled with the mandate of heaven, the mandate of heaven was a repeating system that kept an Emperor who was good and had good morals and when or if this emperor became corrupt he was invaded and overthrown |
| Han Empire- what kind of bureaucracy was established? (explain what happened in bureaucracy) | The Han Empire established the first merit based Bureaucracy, this bureaucracy included an imperial academy where they were trained (academy very expensive mostly rich people would attend) they would test people on confucianism and whoever got the highest score and was the "best" got the job |
| Han Empire-What was the confucian belief system? | Social order=Harmonious relationships=harmonious empire (emphasis on filial piety which was respect for parents,compassion,loyalty, and honor |
| Roman Empire-what was important in this empire and who was the emperor? | military conquest(Egypt) was important, the Emperor was named Augustus(justify position with the heavens) |
| Roman Empire-Who were regional governors? | Regional governors were governors in specific areas in the Roman Empire they were in charge of defense, taxes, and judging in their area |
| Roman Empire- what was wrong with their boarders? | their boarders were unstable and their was a constant need for conquest, they preferred to fight the Germans/Parthians |
| Roman Empire-what was the code of law? | this law was something applied to all people(justice,property,commerce) |
| Roman Empire-what happened to non romans? | the Roman Empire did not force non romans to become citizens, but if they did they got many privileges like being able to join the Roman army,clothing and conveyed legal status without erasing foreign identity |
| Roman Empire-what culture spread in this empire? | increase spread of Greco-Roman culture(education,art,religion,language,architecture) |
| Roman Empire-What happened with Christianity? | christianity spread slowly along trade routes/roads until made state religion to unify collapsing empire eventually dominated Europe |
| Mauryan/Gupta Empires-about Mauryan | chandragupta and Ashoka built military power/expanded through conquest-bureaucracy with ministers and spies(centralized) |
| Mauryan/Gupta Empires-about Gupta | loosely controlled through tributary system(less emphasis on military) |
| Mauryan/Gupta Empires-state operations of industry | taxes on goods control trade=money |
| Mauryan/Gupta empires-What did Ashoka convert to ? | they converted to Buddhism which made them moralistic,tolerant, and they had a peaceful approach to government(buddhism main religion of Mauryan Empire) led to cultural golden age |
| Varna/Caste system in India-what was the ranking from highest to lowest? | Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaisyas Sudras untouchables who were so low they weren't even on the statue |
| Varna/Caste system in India- who were the Brahmins and Kshatriyas? | Brahmins=Priests Kshatriyas=Warriors and rulers |
| Varna/caste system in india-who were the Vaisyas and the Sudras? | Vaisyas=cultivators,Artisans,and Merchants Sudras=Native commoners,peasants,servants |
| Varna/caste system in India-who were the untouchables? | lowest ranking they did unclean polluting work-creamate corpses,executioners, dealt with dead animals |
| Varna/caste system in India-what was a Jati? | a jati was like a caste within a caste,it was a specialized occupation(guilds) that are associated with a specific Varna class they had ranks of importance(ex:different types of Brahmins) with specific obligations, they could only marry within their own Jati/ eat with their own Jati |
| Varna/Caste system in India-what was Dharma? | a person's specific obligation/duties they need to perform/fulfill to be able to be reborn into a higher caste/Varna |
| Slaves-who were they, was there any way out? | slaves were owned/sold, lacked personal identity, but they could be freed by masters/purchase freedom or children of slaves were free at birth (social mobility) unlike caste |
| Greco-Roman society-who were they most dependent on than any other civilization? | they were most dependent on slaves, slaves in this society participated in a wide range of jobs from most prestigious (serve emperor,doctors,gladiators) |
| Greco-Roman society-where were they located? | in the mediteranean |
| Greco-Roman Society-what were the causes of slaves? | War captives,debt, and criminals ( was not based on skin color/ race) |
| China-social structures? | support for statement comes from successful maintenance of social structures based on inequality, support from philosophies/religions of time |
| China-was there any resistance? | yes,resistance in form of small scale theft,sabotage, other acts of defiance(no real historical trace) but large scale rebellions (spartacus/Yellow Turban) show than when given chance, those at the bottom could and did oppose social order |
| Han China-how were pairs of opposites described as ? | Yang-heaven, ruler,strength, light(masculine) Yin-earth,weakness,darkness(feminine) |
| Han China-what were women's three obediences? | first to their father,husband, then son |
| Han China-what were women taught from birth? | they were taught that they were inferior, subordinate to men |
| Han China- what did women think about it? | they were ok with this |
| What happens when Han China falls? | they turn to Taoist/Buddhism which was nomadic groups that were less restrictive (new image of women female deities, featured as nuns/priests |
| Tang Dynasty-how were women in this dynasty? | writers/artists depict elite capable women, married daughters right to inherit property from family of birth, Empress Wu-only women ruler of China (elevated positions of women, mourning period for mothers equal to father) |
| Roman/Chinese Empires-where was each empire located? | Roman Empire was on the western side while China was on the eastern end of Eurasia (flourished at the same time 200BCE-200CE) |
| Roman Empire-how did it flourish? | became center of an enormous imperial state, Roman aristocrats threw off monarchy and established a republic where patricians dominated, disadvantage to plebeians |
| Roman Empire-how long did it take for Rome to launch it's empire? | more than 500 years |
| Roman Empire-how was the Roman Empire establish? | established through strong army |
| Roman Empire-Roman wealth? | wealth of empire enriched a few imperial riches, and empowered a small group of military leaders-Marius, Sulla, pompen,julius Caesar |
| Roman Empire-what was Roman ruler Augustus' responsibilities? | Augustus maintained forms of the republic, the senate, assemblies and referred to himself as "First Man" |
| China warring states to Empire-China | one of the first civilizations a chinese state had emerged as early as 2200BCE under Xia,Shang, and Zhou dynasties |
| China warring states to Empire-Qin Shihuangdi | developed effective bureaucracy |
| Shihuangdi-what did they launch to reunify china? | launched military campaign to reunify china and in just ten years defeated another warring state |
| Shihuangdi-what happened to people who opposed his policies? | anyone who opposed his policies were punished by having their books burned or getting executed |
| China warring states to Empire-what was domestic repercussions? | domestic repercussions was brief and superficial compared to Rome's transition from republic to empire |
| Roman/Chinese Empires- what view did they share about their own Empires? | Rome- believed that the entire world should be ruled by them Chines-believed all under heaven should be ruled by them |
| Roman/Chinese Empires-what were their supernatural sanctions? | Romans regarded their decreased emperors as gods and Chinese called their emperors son of Heaven |
| Roman/Chinese Empires-what were their religions? | Roman Empire-Christianity China-Buddhism |
| Roman/Chinese Empires-how large was their empire? | Rome-Began as small city states Chinese-larger cultural heartland |
| Roman/Chinese Empires-what language did each empire speak? | Roman-Latin China-chinese characters |
| Roman/Chinese Empires-were their empires effective? | empires both established effective centralized control and developed elaborate bureaucracy to hold empire together |
| How were the women treated in Athens? | there was an increased limitation on women which excluded women from public life, women had to be represented by legal guardian in legal matters(not referred to as name) compared to children and domesticated animals, only function was to produce sons and maintain home, forbidden to buy sell land , would marry men 10 -15 yrs older |
| How were women treated in Sparta? | possesed more freedom, central task was reproduction , marry own age, men often prepping for war so women held more authority in the household, could wear whatever they pleased, but they lacked any formal public life |
| Legalism-what were the legalist principles? | explicit rules strictly enforced with rewards/punishments, pessimistic view of humanity , focus was on useful people=rulers, farmers, and army |
| Legalism- how was it in the Qin Dynasty? | 221BCE-206CE, Qin Shihuangdi "first emperor" had a strong army bureaucracy and conquered warring states, it unified china, but brutality of Qin policies resulted in his downfall |
| Confucianism-what were the key relationships? | Ruler-ruled Husband-wife father-son older brother-younger brother |
| Daoism/Taoism-what were the principles? | Dao=way of nature,invited people to withdraw politically and socially from the world,disengage from public life, simplicity in living, limited government, abandon of education |
| who were the Chinese government officials? | (this was the 1st professional civil service) Imperial academy created various government occupations and advise emperors, Emphasis on confucian teachings, history, math,and literature, favored wealthy and those who passed exams received high privilege |
| what was the landlord class? | most land held by small scale peasant, by first century population growth taxes put peasants in debt , peasants had to sell land, wealthy people bought land and peasants had to work on the land for landowner |
| Who were the peasants? | peasants were 80-90% of population, life was hard, peasants held Yellow Turban revolt |
| who were the merchants? | hated by society wealthy people who made money off of works of others (forbidden to wear silk) |
| Christianity | believed in one god, Jesus alive for 3 yrs then killed, jesus's family was poor wanted to fix issues |
| Buddhism | Siddhartha Guatama ( founder) people had to learn four noble truth and eight fold path, modest life, concept of karma and rebirth, concerned with Heaven/ hell, less emphasis on speaking out against upper classes, Budda died of old age |
| Christianity/Buddhism similarities? | both experienced religious split(schism due to differing views on doctrineChristianity( Catholics vs. Orthodox) Budddhism ( Iheravada vs. Mahayana) |
| Christianity/Buddhism differences? | christianity developed sophisticated hierarchal structure (priest,bishops,pope) removed women from power/Buddhism less structure on monks and nuns women have more freedom ability |
| Greek way of knowing 600-300BCE-rational order | world governed by natural laws which humans can understand, Emphasis on human reason ask lots of questions, question authority |
| Important Greeks-Socrates | 469-399BCE believed in socratic method he questioned authority and was put to death |
| Important Greeks-Plato | 429-384BCE republic ruled by Plato, by class of highly educated guardians led by philosopher king |
| Important Greeks-Aristotle | 384-322BCE taught Alexander the great emphasized empirical observation |
| Important Greeks-Hippocrates | focused on diseases/medicine Greek legacy learning spread by Romans rediscovered 12th century |
| Hinduism-what was a Brahman? | world hindu god final realm |
| Hinduism-what was a Brahmin? | priest |
| Hinduism-what was Atman? | Atman was an individual human soul that was part of Brahman |
| Hinduism- what was Moksha? | liberation from life cycle |
| Hinduism-what was Samsara? | rebirth reincarnation |
| Hinduism-what made the upanishads so different compared to the vedas? | upanish was a religious text composed by anonymous thinkers about the creation of life/Vedas had a devotion to rituals and devotion to sacrifice |
| Judaism | worlds first monotheistic religion, developed in the middle east and created by a small group of people called hebrews, they called themselves jews because of they ended up living in Judah |
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