US Govt. 1-3
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Created by:
nconaty1510 on October 2, 2011
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72 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hard news | Reports nationally important stories as accurately as possible |
| Opinions | Articles with authors who write analysis with particular points of view or political ideology. |
| Editorials | Written by an editor who represents the opinions of the owners of the news paper. |
| Citizen | Someone who is part of something bigger and is responsable |
| Thomas Jefferson Quote | "I know of no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves; and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them but to inform their discretion." |
| Education (Latin root) | to draw out |
| Framework for Analysis | 1. Built on terms or concepts 2. Classify what you study 3. Explain what is studied 4. Serves as a guide to action |
| Empirical Analysis | Focuses on determining and testing ideas by confronting them with data, asks "what is?" Can be tested |
| How to test empirical data | 1. Data quality 2. Data collection 3. Logic |
| Normative Analysis | Focuses on what ought to be. Relies upon empirical analysis and can be tested |
| Feasibility Analysis | Focuses on what is possible, identifies limits and constraints on achieving goals. Uses public opinion to decide |
| Constraints/Limits for feasibility analysis | 1. Public Opinion 2. People Power 3. Money 4. legality 5. Ethics 6. Resources |
| Politics | Who gets what, when, and how in society |
| Power | Ability of actor A to get actor B to do what actor B would not ordinarily do |
| Influence | Use of power, how actor A gets actor B to do things |
| Incumbant | Someone who holds an elected government position |
| Sitting President | Obama; will win democratic vote because there are no other opponents |
| Pre-primary Debates | Debates before the 1st primary. |
| States with early primaries | Iowa, New hampshire, South Carolina, and Florida |
| National Conventions | Held for the winners of the primaries |
| Ideologues | Political thinkers, participate in primaries |
| Tea Party | 45% of Republican party |
| Garnishment | Courts ability to take money from a persons pay check in order to pay child support |
| Legitimacy | Public acceptance of those officials who hold and use power |
| Authority | The legitimate use of power |
| Government | Societal institution which claims a monopoly on the legitimate use of force within a given territory |
| Greek Beliefs | Political involvement viewed as ennobling and fostering character. To DO and not just THINK. |
| Polis | Greek political community |
| Idiote | Opposite of a citizen, concerned with own self interest and ignores needs of the community |
| Aristotle | First political philosopher; created table of good and bad governments and believed that all governments can become selfish very easily |
| Aristotle's Government types | Monarchy --- Tyranny Aristocracy --- Oligarchy Polity --- Democracy |
| Direct Democracy | Every individual makes the rules/laws. |
| Indirect Democracy | Republic; selected people elect people for positions of power/representation (current american democracy) |
| Reification | When people treat an abstract belief or idea as if it were a concrete event or physical entity. People forget that the idea or belief originated with people creating the idea of belief |
| Epistemology | Philosophy of knowledge; "How do I know what I know?" |
| Galileo | Used empirical evidence (telescope) to justify radical democracy |
| Self-evident | People can see it with their own eyes, dont need the church to tell them; everyone is equal in that sense. |
| Copernicus | Argued that the sun was the center of our universe, challenging the Church's belief that the earth was the center of our universe |
| Kepler | Said that planets moved around the sun |
| Descartes | Rationalism and skepticism; asked "How do I know I exist?" |
| Issac Newton | Founder of Physics; studied the natural laws of the physical universe |
| Thomas Hobbes | Wrote "Leviathan" in order to justify a monarchy based on science |
| The Right to Life | Hobbes believed that humans in the state of nature are driven by the fear of violent death, which gives rise to the natural right of self-preservation. |
| Thomas Hobbes Quote | "No arts, no letters, and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death, and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." |
| Social Contract | In order to secure self-preservation, people enter a social contract establishing a sovereign power who is not subject to civil law since by its will, it creates the law. |
| John Locke | Wrote "Second Treatise of Civil Government." that helped form foundation for US government |
| All men are free and equal | All men share essential qualities that make them human (Locke) |
| Natural Rights | Right to life, liberty, and estate (Locke) |
| Goals of the Constitution | 1. Create a government that could balance freedom and order 2. Have a strong central government, but limit its powers using checks and balances |
| James Madison | Came up with the framework for checks and balances using ideas from Locke and Montesqieu |
| Form and Foundation of the Constitution | Preamble, 7 articles, 27 amendments (first 10 being the bill of rights) |
| Article 1 | Legislature; created a House of representatives and Senate |
| Article 2 | Executive; gave President certain expressed powers |
| Article 3 | Judiciary |
| Article 4 | Relations among states |
| Article 5 | Amendments |
| Article 6 | Supremacy Clause |
| Article 7 | Ratification |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Court ruled in favor of national authority, arguing that creating a national bank was an implied power in the constitution and that through the "necessary and proper" clause, the government could extend beyond a narrow reading of the constitutions powers. |
| Marbury v. Madison | the Supreme Court asserted its power of Judicial Review |
| House of Representatives | The only place where citizens elected a person to national government; had power to originate all spending/taxes |
| Senate | 2 members from each state elected by state legislatures |
| Majoritarianism | When the majority effectively determines what government does. |
| Pluralism | The preference of the special interest largely determines what government does |
| Virginia Plan | Great compromise; included separate judicial and executive branches as well as a two-chamber Congress |
| Federalism | Sovereignty is divided between the national government and the states |
| Supremacy Clause | "the laws of the United States shall be the supreme law of the land." |
| Reserved Powers | "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States." |
| Fiscal Federalism | the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through state and local governments |
| Categorical Grants | can be used only for a designated activity |
| Block Grants | Less restrictive; Federal government specifies the general area in which the funds must be used, but state and local officials select the specific projects |
| Devolution | Belief that the Federal government has extended its authority too far into areas traditionally governed through state and local governments |
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