| Term | Definition |
|---|
| genetics | scientific study of heredity or the traits that are inherited |
| fertilization | the process in sexual reproduction during which male and female reproductive cells join to produce a new cell |
| true-breeding | during self pollination the production of offspring identical to the "parents" |
| trait | a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| hybrid | offspring crosses between parents with different traits |
| gene | chemical factors that determine traits |
| allele | different forms of a gene |
| segregation | separation of alleles during formation of sex cells (gametes) |
| gamete | special cells involved in sexual reproduction (sex cells) |
| probability | the likelihood that an event will occur is used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses |
| Punnet Square | a diagram that is used to predict and compare genetic variations that will result from a cross |
| homozygous | organisms that have 2 identical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | organisms that have 2 different alleles for the same trait |
| phenotype | physical characteristics |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| independent assortment | genes of different traits segregating independently during gamete formation. Accounts for many genetic differences in organisms. |
| incomplete dominance | when one allele is not completely dominant over another one (pink) |
| codominance | both alleles contribute to the phenotype (speckled) |
| multiple alleles | genes with more than 2 alleles |
| polygenic traits | traits controlled by 2 or more genes. |
| homologous | each of the 4 chromosomes from a male parent has a corresponding set of chromosomes from a female parent |
| diploid | cell that contains BOTH homologous set of chromosomes |
| haploid | gametes with a single set of chromosomes ( fruit flies) |
| meiosis | process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through separation of the homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| tetrad | Strucure formed during meiosis 1 when a chromosome pairs with its homologous chromosome |
| crossing-over | Process when tetrads exchange part of their chromatids. Results in the exchange of alleles |
Combine with other sets
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