| Term | Definition |
| Adaptation | to change or adapt to the environment. |
| Amphibians | species that can live on land and in water. |
| Aquatic | an environment with water. |
| Biome | a community of organisms that live and interact within a particular area. |
| Boreal forests | a broad belt of coniferous forest in the northern hemisphere with long severe winters, short warm summers, and low precipitation. |
| Carnivores | flesh-eating animals. |
| Community of organisms | organisms that live and interact within a particular area. |
| Coniferous trees | evergreen or needle trees whose seeds are in cones. |
| Deciduous trees | trees that shed their leaves in the fall of the year. |
| Diversity | variety of organisms. |
| Ephemeral plant | desert plant whose seeds lie dormant for many years, then after rainfall the plant will sprout, flower, spread its seeds, and die, all within two weeks. |
| Fauna | animals of a specific region. |
| Flora | plants of a specific region. |
| Geology | the study of the Earth's crust. |
| Herbivores | plant eaters. |
| Invertebrates | a variety of species without backbones. |
| Lichens | plant that attaches itself to rocks. |
| Monsoons | seasonal winds in southeast Asia that brings heavy rainfall. |
| Nocturnal | active during the night. |
| Omnivores | animals that eat both plants and animals. |
| Permafrost | ground that is permanently frozen in tundra regions. |
| Photosynthesis | a process carried out by green plants in which carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight are converted into ATP and glucose, releasing oxygen as a by-product. |
| Physiological | dealing with physical adaptations. |
| Plankton | a wide variety of organisms that live in oceans. |
| Precipitation | rainfall. |
| Temperate broadleaf forest | a biome in the temperate climactic zone where the characteristic vegetation is deciduous forest. |
| Temperate grasslands | broad grassland belt in the temperate climactic zone. |
| Tropical rainforest | rainforest in the tropics. |
| Tropical savanna | grasslands in the tropical regions. |
| Tundra | treeless plain with very short growing season and long, cold winters. |
| Veldt | temperate grasslands in South Africa. |