Child development I
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Created by:
skip2mylulu on October 2, 2011
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Infancy | Birth to 18 mo |
| Toddler | 18 mo to 3 yrs |
| Preschool | 3 to 6 yrs |
| School age | 7 to 11 yrs |
| Adolescence | 11 to 20 yrs Early: 11 to 14 yrs Middle: 14 to 16 yrs Late adolescence: 17 to 20 |
| Premature | Less than 37 weeks (12%) |
| Very premature | Less than 32 weeks (2%) |
| Chromosomal disorders | - Trisomy 21: Down's syndrome - Turner's syndrome: XO - Klinefelter's: XXY - Prader- Willi: Chromosome 15 deletion |
| Early bonding due to? | High maternal oxytocin levels, which fosters nurturing behavior |
| Breastfeeding | Not essential to bonding and attachment |
| Disruptions to attachment | - Maternal illness - Domestic violence - Early childhood illness/prematurity |
| Bowlby theory of attachment | Infants need to develop a relationship with a caregiver for social and emotional development to occur normally |
| Chess & Thomas theory of temperament | - Easy temperament - low risk of emotional/behavioral problems - Difficult - irregular eating and sleeping, not adaptable to change - Slow to warm up |
| Kagan theory of shyness | Behavioral inhibition is a precursor to shyness |
| Freud Theory of Development | Psychosexual development Oral phase (0-1 yr) Anal phase (2-3 yr) Phallic phase (3-6 yr) Latency (6-11 yr) Genital (adolescence) |
| Freud personalities | - Id - Ego - Superego Resolution of conflicts |
| Erikson psychosocial development | Move up on life by mastering life tasks - Basic trust vs mistrust (0-1 yr) - Industry vs inferiority (6-11 yr) - Identiy vs. role confusion (12-20+ yr) |
| Piaget's 4 stages | - Sensorimotor (birth - 2 yr) - Preoperational (2-7 yr): magical thinking, egocentric - Concrete operations (7-11 yr) - Formal operation (15- 17 yr) |
| Mahler theory of rapprochement | Goes away from mother and comes back to mother |
| Problems to consider for delayed language development | - Hearing - Autism - Mentally retarded |
| Night terrors | Child doesn't remember episode Different than nightmares |
| Pica | Mouthing/ingesting non-food substances after age 2 Associated with mental retardation, sickle cell, autism |
| Enuresis (wetting) | - Lack of bladder control - Age 5+ - Diurnal or nocturnal; nocturnal is more common - Primary: never achieved continual dryness (never achieved toilet training) - Secondary: occurs after a period of continual dryness; condier trauma/stress, consider medical etiology |
| Encopresis (soiling) | - Incontinence of stool 4+ yo after bowel control has been established - Boys > girls - Usually mechanical, secondarily behavioral - Can be w/ or w/o constipation - w/o constipation is more pathological - Adjusted with medication and behavioral change |
| Latency period | 7- 11 yrs |
| ADHD | Brain less lighted up, therefore ADHD is treated with stimulants or stimulants with therapy |
| DSM criteria for ADHD | - 6 symptoms for 6 months by age 7 - Must occur in 2 settings - Symptoms cannot be due to other disorders - 3 types |
| Bullying | History trauma, learning issues, personal/family psychiatric disorders |
| Pediatric assessment | HEADSS Home, education, activities, drugs, sex, suicide |
| Middle adolescence (15-17yo) | - Tension with parents & authority - Omipotence & invincibility - Socialization in larger, mixed sex groups - Substance experimentation |
| Greatest risk factor for depression | Parental depression/anxiety |
| Learning disorder | 5-10% Boys > girls |
| Depression | 3-5% Girls > boys |
| School phobia/absenteeism | - Depression, anxiety - Chronic illness - Substance abuse - Family illness or conflict |
| Education failure | 14% leave HS without diploma |
| Late adolescence (18-20 yr) | - Seprate/move away from parents - More intimate relationships - Dates in pairs |
| Adolescent sexuality | 10% of 12-18 yo unsure of sexual orientation Always ask about sexual preference |
| Gay/bisexual teens | - More likely to have suicidal ideation/attempts - More likely to engage in self-destructive behaviors from lack of support and family community - Would like to be asked about sexual orientation in health care visits |
| Teen pregnancy | - 50% sexually active by 12th grade - Less than 50% use contraception |
| Teen parenting | - Child risk for poverty and inadequate parenting |
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