Anatomy - Heart

Terms	Definitions
Great Vessel Superior Vena Cava	R/L brachiocephalic veins -R/L internal jugular veins -R/L subclavian veins
Great Vessel Aortic Arch	Brachiocephalic trunk -R common carotid a. -R subclavian a. L common carotid L subclavian
Great Vessel Pulmonary Vessels	Pulmonary Trunk/arteries Pulmonary Veins
phrenic nerves	anterior to root of lung
vagus nerves	posterior to root of lung
heart position	inferior/middle mediastinum
fibrous pericardium	thick fibrous connective tissue layer attached to: inferiorly - central tendon of diaphragm anteriorly - sternum via sternopericardial ligaments
fibrous pericardium innervation	phrenic nerves somatic innervation - pain temp touch more acute referred pain - coming from C3,4,5
fibrous pericardium blood supply	pericardiophrenic vessels
serous pericardium	deep to fibrous pericardium, continuous sac made up of parietal and visceral layer
parietal layer of serous pericardium	right up against the fibrous pericardium, reflecting both fibrous and parietal layer
visceral layer of serous pericardium	epicardium, on the surface of the heart, most external layer of heart tissue
pericardial space	lubricates between parietal and visceral
innervation of serous pericardium	phrenic nerves to the parietal layer, there is no innervation to the visceral, what little innervation we have in sensory
Pericardial effusion/Cardiac tamponade	too much fluid in pericardial space acute - quick chronic - build up over time pericardiocentesis
pericarditis	pericardial friction rub
Pericardial sinus/refections	cavity is a closed space, goes around vessels but is still a continuous sac and forms transverse and oblique sinus
myocardium	deep to epicardium -composed of cardiac muscle -thickness proportional to workload
endocardium	innermost layer, smooth inner lining
heart right border	right atrium
heart superior border	atria
heart left border	left ventricle
heart inferior border	right ventricle
coronary sulcus	in between the atria, groove separating the atria from the ventricles
auricles	ear like appendage blind pouch like lingula of lung
interventricular sulcus	between the ventricles splitting them into left and right halves
Right Atrium Receives Blood	superior/inferior vena cava
Right Atrial Features	-Pectinate muscle - ridged appearance of muscle -Crista terminalis -Fossa ovalis - depression in wall, in fetus it is foramen ovale connecting the atria -Auricular appendage -Opening of coronary sinus
Right Ventricle Receives Blood	RA tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle Features	Trabeculae carneae Papillary muscles (3) Chordae tendinae-heart strings attached to the edges of valves, tricuspid
Left Atrium Receives Blood	From Lungs - Pulmonary Veins
Features of Left Atrium	Valve of foramen ovale Pectinate muscle Note lack of crista terminalis
crista terminalis	smooth muscle - marks the dividing line between the posterior, smooth sinus venarum - the remains of the developmental right horn of the sinus venosus - and the anterior, rough part of the right atrium - the original auricular chamber of the embryo
Left Ventricle Receives Blood	left atrium through bicuspid/mitral valve
Left Ventricle Features	Trabeculae carneae Papillary muscles (2) Chordae tendinae
Atrioventricular Valve Function	Tricuspid vs. bicuspid/mitral valve a. open - chordae tendae slack papillary muscles relaxed b. closed - chordae tendae taught papillary muscles contracted
Semilunar Valve Function	action of blood pushing thru the valves, what gets left behind pools in the cusps and closes the valves
coronary blood vessels	Coronary arteries 􀁹 Off of aortic arch Coronary veins 􀁹 Drain directly into R atrium-via coronary sinus
coronary arteries	1. Right marginal branch - RCA 2. Left Marginal branch - LCA 3. Sinu-atrial nodal branch - RCA or LCA 4. Circumflex branch - LCA 5. Anterior interventricular branch - Aka left anterior descending (LAD) - LCA 6. Posterior interventricular branch - RCA or LCA
Right Dominant Coronary Artery
Left Dominant Coronary Artery
Coronary Veins	Drain to coronary sinus * Empties into R atrium Main Branches 1. Great cardiac vein 2. Anterior interventricular vein 3. Middle cardiac vein 4. Small cardiac vein 5. Posterior cardiac vein
Sinoatrial Node (SA)	Jct of SupVenaCava and R atrium Sympathetics stimulate - action and contraction Parsympathetics inhibit and slow down the heart
Atrioventricular Node (AV)	Interatrial septum - between A and V Stimulated by atrial contraction - impulses down into the AV bundle
Atrioventricular Bundle (AV Bundle)	Interventricular septum R and L bundles
Sympathetic Innervation of the Heart	Increases heart rate Increases force of contraction Cardiac nerves from sympathetic trunk
Parasympathetic Innervation of the Heart	Decreases heart rate Reduces force of contraction Constricts coronary arteries Vagus nerve
Deep Cardiac Plexus	Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers form superficial and deep cardiac plexuses
Cardiac Referred Pain	our pericardium is innervated by our phrenic nerve, relay pain signals up to our dorsal root ganglion can be confused with overriding somatic nerves from the body wall.
Fetal Circulation	as a fetus we dont need to filter our blood with the liver, bypasses this and goes to the ductus venosus. 1.Umbilical Vein 2.DuctusVenosus 3.Inferior Vena Cava 4.Right Atrium
foramen ovale	fossa ovalis
Ductus Arteriosus	Ligamentum arteriosum