| Term | Definition |
|---|
| colonization | needed because of lack of Greek farmland and population (land hunger, poverty, trade, relative location) |
| tyranny | overthrow of legitimate ruler; rule free from law |
| Ionian Revolt | with Athenian help, [x] burns Sardis, the capital of the Perisan satrapy that they had become, to rebel against Persia (Miletus was their head city) |
| acropolis | high point with temple |
| agora | open space/marketplace; political assembly took place here (commercial and political center) |
| metics | /foreigners/thetes - generally controlled commerce, manufacturing, and banking; paid head taxes; no land ownership; fewer rights than citizens; needed a citizen as a patron; freed slaves could be this |
| panhellenism | 1. common ancestry and mythology 2. panhellenistic games 3. language 4. religion 5. arete 6. oracles 7. structure and stratification of polis |
| oracle | Apollo at Delphi |
| arete | homeric ideal of heroism |
| metropolis | mother polis |
| tyrant | overthrows the oligarchy with help of mercenaries; typically supports building projects, colonization, new coins and weight systems and the arts |
| coup d'etat | forceful overthrow |
| mercenary | soldier for hire |
| patron | supported and spoke for a metic |
| helot | slave bound to land |
| oligarchy | rule by a few nobles |
| areopagus | council of nobles/elders that held the real power in Athens; the 9 retired archons moved here after a year |
| hemlock | Socrates was forced to drink this when he was accused of corrupting the youth |
| ecclesia | assembly of citizens; originally had very little power (this eventually changed) |
| ostracism | by vote, someone was chosen to be sent away for ten years |
| demes | small local units |
| council of 500 | randomly chosen group that prepared the agenda and handled foreign and financial affairs |
| by lot | chosen randomly |
| democracy | power in the hands of the people |
| hoplite | a heavily armed foot soldier |
| trireme | three rows of rowers in this boat with a ram attached |
| 300 | x number of Spartans led by Leonides to hold Persians back (all killed) |
| peloponnesian league | Sparta & Co. |
| delian league | Athens & Co. |
| "the acropolis" | where the Parthenon sits in Athens |
| the parthenon | Athenian temple; of Doric order |
| three orders of greek architecture | Doric, Ionic and Corinthian |
| tragedy | based on human suffering |
| comedy | based on human joy |
| hubris | overwhelming pride that resulted in fatal retribution |
| dialogue | question and answer based discussion of philosophy (Plato wrote this way with Socrates as the speaker) |
| "the republic" | political view in the cave allegory |
| cave allegory | famous analogy by Plato about utopia |
| philosopher king | idea that philosophers should be in charge |
| utopia | ideal society |
| gadfly | Socrates called the [x] of Athens |
| the forms | higher world of eternal ideas |
| telos | purpose or end of a thing given its nature |
| with your shield or on it | Spartan quote; fight until death or victory |
| we will fight in the shade | Sparan quote; fight under any circumstances, even dire ones |
| the unexamined life is not worth living | philosophical quote by Socrates |
| imperialism | forming an empire |
| militiades | ordered the Greeks to rush against the Persians at the Battle of Marathon, even though they were highly outnumbered |
| lycurgus | his reforms made Sparta into a military state |
| solon | was made sole archon in order to reform and avert Athens from tyranny |
| draco | his laws included death for most crimes in Athens; this remained until Solon |
| pisistratus | Athenian tyrant who took over from Solon; catered to metics/nouveau riches (typical tyrant) |
| hippias | Pisistratus' ruthless son; was exiled with the help of the Spartans |
| cleisthenes | Father of Democracy; enlarged citizen population to include any free Athenian; anyone could be in council of 500; free and open debate; invents ostracism |
| darius | Perisian ruler who attacks mainland Greece in the Battle of Marathon |
| xerxes | Perisan ruler who returns to attack Greece by land and sea |
| themistocles | uses extra money from silver strike in Athens to build ships for a navy and a port (Piraeus) within a few miles of Athens and build walls between Piraeus and Athens |
| leonidas | Spartan king at Thermophylae |
| pericles | one of 10 elected generals; elected 15 times by assembly; wanted to expand democracy |
| alcibiades | Pericles' nephew; became a reckless and self-seeking general; had the idea to attack Sicily (Syracuse) and use Sicilian resources to advance against Sparta; accused of religious crimes; TRAITOR - goes to Sparta and tells them to use Persia to defeat Athens |
| cleon | replaced Pericles upon Pericles' death |
| herodotus | historian who wrote about the Perisan wars; wasn't objective - allowed roles for gods; first Greek historian |
| thucydides | historian who was ostracised because as a general he lost a major battle; wrote about Peloponnesian War; his ideas included history repeating itself and human nature remaining the same |
| aeschylus | first playwright who wrote tragedies |
| sophocles | another playwright who wrote tragedies (after aeschylus) |
| aristophanes | comic playwright |
| thales | saw harmony in universe; unity of world based on water |
| pythagoras | used numbers |
| sophists | Athenian philosophers not concerned with truth but humor advancement; rhetoric - persuasive speaking/ winning debates/ swaying audiences - democracy |
| socrates | pupil of Plato; his method led people to truth through their own reason; called the gadfly of Athens; said that "the unexamined life is not worth living"; accused of corrupting youth and executed with hemlock |
| plato | taught Socrates; made the Academy; wrote a dialogue with Socrates as the speaker; believed in forms; cave allegory |
| aristotle | Plato's student for twenty years; tutored Alexander the Great at his school, the Lycaeum; rejected Plato's forms and instead thought the world was made up of form and matter; analyzed and classified a variety of topics (Nichomachean Ethics); his ideas were used by many medival thinkers, like St. Thomas Aquinas and Muslim thinkers; came up with telos and mean |
| battle of marathon | Athenian hoplites vs. lightly armed Persians; Greeks rush Persians and, though heavily outnumbered (10 to 1), win; Persians withdraw for 10 years |
| battle of thermopylae | Persians come on land and sea, using a bridge of boats to cross the Hellespont and end in [x], where the Greeks weren't ready for them; a pass in the mountains holds off Persians until a traitor tells them about another pass; majority left to help Greeks but 300 remain to fight Persians there |
| battle of salamis | Greeks defeat Persians by out-maneuvering them with battering rams and help from the Phoenician and Ionian navies |
| battle of aegospotami | Sparta destroys Athens' fleet near the Hellespont |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace