Chapter 2 The molecular Basis of Life
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Created by:
alicekennedy11 on October 3, 2011
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 every factor of 2 difference in [H+] = how many pH units? | .3 |
| when diluting a stock solution the amount of stock solution you should use = | [what you want]/[what you need]*final volume |
| methods of finding pH | pH meter, pH paper, titrate solution |
| CO2 + H2O yields | H2CO3, weak acid |
| Keq = | [H+][A-]/[HA] |
| buffer | a solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base that resist changes in pH in both directions. buffer works best in the middle of its range where the amount of undissasociated acid is about equal to the amount of conjugate base. |
| ionization of water | very small: 10^-7 (pH=7) |
| water is the best solvent why? | -polarity, hydrogen bonding, small size, bent shape |
| why does surface tension occur? | meniscus forms with cohesion: water molecules at the surface hydrogen bond with those below them they create a net downward pull. adhesion:water molecules adhere to the glass and resist the downward pull. |
| why is water denser as a liquid than a solid? | ice- hydrogen bonds form a crystal structure with lots of spaces |
| how did life first begin, without a foundation? | -hot and molten earth, volcanoes released CO2, N2, and H2O vapor, H2O cools and forms oceans, reactions can occur in solution |
| theory of chemical evolution | simple chemical compounds in the ancient atmosphere and ocean combined to form more complex substances found in living cells using energy from heat + sunlight |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | energy is conserved |
| exergonic | reactants loose potential energy |
| delta G = | delta H -T*delta S |
| energy started chemical evolution by the formation of | free radicals |
| free radicals are | highly reactive atoms with an unpaired electron broken off by photons |
| number of collisions depends on | temperature + concentration of reactants |
| the formation of H2CO (formaldehyde) +HCN was a critical step in chemical evolution because | energy from sunlight was converted to chemical energy (PE in chemical bonds) |
| functional groups | amino, carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfyhydryl, phosphate |
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