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cell division the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells biology the study of life asexual reproduction reproduction without the fusion of gametes sexual reproduction reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete prokaryotes bacteria reproduce by binary fission chromatin DNA molecules with proteins that help maintain structure Sister chromatids 2 copies of DNA strands Centromere joined together at the center of the DNA strand Interphase growth and duplication of chromosomes Mitotic phase cell division Prophase Chromosomes condense and coil to form sister chromatids Mitotic spindles produced by centrosomes in the cytoplasm Prometaphase The nuclear envelope disappears. Spindles elongate and attach to the centromeres of the chromatids Metaphase The mitotic spindle is fully formed. Chromosomes align at equator Anaphase SPindles pull sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell. The cell elongates. Telophase The nuclear envelope reforms around the daughter chromosomes. Chromatin uncoils. The spindle disappears. Cytokinesis divides into the 2 new cells somatic cells 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes one member of each pair from each parent homologous chromosomes have the same size and gene locations life cycle the sequence of stages leading from the adults of one generation to the adults of the next diploids two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent meiosis type of cell division that produces haploid gametes in diploids organisms diploid cells 2 homologous sets of chromosomes fertilization union of the gametes gametes sperm and eggs haploid cells one set of chromosomes zygote diploid chromosomes number, one set from each parent Meiosis II Sister chromatids separate Mitosis duplicate chromosomes during the previous interphase Karyotype ordered display of magnified images of an individual's paired chromosomes