Rockets AP Psychology Chapter 1
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| Empirical Approach | A study conducted via careful observations and scientifically based research. |
| Pseudopsychology | erroneous assertions or practices set forth as being scientific psychology |
| Confirmation Bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |
| Experimental Psychologists | psychologists who do research on basic psychological processes |
| Teachers of Psychology | psychologists whose primary job is teaching, typically in high schools, colleges, and universities |
| Applied Psychologists | psychologists who use the knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems |
| Psychiatry | the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders |
| Structuralism | A historical school of psychology devoted to uncovering the basic structures that make up mind and thought, sought the "elements" of conscious experience |
| Introspection | A method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings. |
| Functionalism | A historical school of psychology that believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function |
| Gestalt Psychology | the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions of individual parts into meaningful wholes |
| Behaviorism | the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes |
| Psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions |
| Biological View | the psychological perspective that searches for the causes of behavior in the functioning of genes, the brain, nervous system, and the endocrine system (hormone) |
| Neuroscience | the field devoted to understanding how the brain creates thoughts, feelings, motives, consciousness, memories, and other mental processes |
| Evolutionary Psychology | a relatively new specialty in psychology that sees behavior and mental processes in terms of their genetic adaptations for survival and reproduction |
| Developmental View | the psychological perspective emphasizing changes that occur across the lifespan |
| Cognitive View | the psychological perspective emphasizing mental processes, such as learning, memory, perception, and thinking, as forms of information processing |
| Cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |
| Cognitive Neuroscience | the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language). |
| Clinical View | the psychological perspective emphasizing mental health and mental illness. psychodynamic and humanistic psychology are variations on the clinical view |
| Psychodynamic Psychology | a clinical viewpoint emphasizing the understanding of mental disorders in terms of unconscious needs, desires, memories, and conflicts |
| Humanistic Psychology | a clinical viewpoint emphasizing human ability, growth, potential, and free will |
| Behavioral View | a psychological perspective that finds the source of our actions in environmental stimuli, rather than in inner mental processes |
| Sociocultural View | a psychological perspective emphasizing the importance of social interaction, social learning, and a cultural perspective |
| Culture | A complex blend of language, beliefs, customs, values, and traditions developed by a group of people and shared with others in the same environment |
| Trait View | a psychological perspective that views behavior and personality as the products of enduring psychological characteristics |
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