Chapter 10 Biology
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star987987987 on October 3, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Two types of reproduction | Asexual and sexual |
| Asexual reproduction | Cell divides into 2 genetically identical offspring. Simple, efficient, increase population size rapidly. Single and multicellular organisms. |
| Sexual reproduction | Fusion of 2 cells containing genetic material from each parent. Takes time and energy investment. Produces genetic diversity. |
| Prokaryotic Cell Division | Chromosome loop replicates. Membrane indents until it meets in the middle and one cell becomes two. |
| Eukarotic Cell Division | More complex. Contains checkpoints which can stop the process. Regulated by multiple molecules. |
| The Cell Cycle | G1- Growth * Checkpoint G0 S- Synthesis G2- Growth * Checkpoint Mitosis |
| Mitosis | Interphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis |
| Interphase | G1, S, G2 |
| Prophase | Chromatin condenses and becomes visible. Sister chromatids joined at centromere. Nucleolus disappears. Centrosomes move to opposite sides of the cell. |
| Prometaphase | Nuclear membrane dissolves. Proteins extend between centromere (kinetochore) and centrosome. |
| Metaphase | Kinetochore filaments align chromosomes along the metaphase plate. |
| Anaphase | Kinetochores begin to shorten, pulling chromosomes apart. |
| Telophase | Nuclear envelope reforms. Chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible. |
| Cytokinesis | Cell membrane splits completely between the two daughter cells. Cleavage furrow. |
| Cdk Complex | Cyclin dependent kinase. Switch moving the cell from one stage to another. |
| Kinase | Adds phosphate to a protein. |
| MPF | Maturation promoting factor. First Cdk discovered. Moves cells from G2 to M phase. |
| Anchorage dependence | Cells must be attached to a surface in order to divide. |
| Density | Dependent inhibition. |
| Cancer | Uncontrolled cell growth. |
| P53 | Protein that blocks cell cycle if DNA is damaged. Levels increased in damaged cells. Most important factor in cancer. |
| Ras | Protein that stimulates cell cycle. Overactive Ras can lead to cancerous cells. |
| Totipotent | Can become any type of cell. |
| Pluripotent | Can become most types of cells. |
| Multipotent | Can become a few types of cells. |
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