| Term | Definition |
| sexual reproduction | 2 parents; is when an egg and sperm join and genetic information is combined |
| gene | a unit of heredity, codes for a specific product |
| heredity | passing of genes from parents to offspring |
| allele | various forms of a gene |
| phenotype | describes an organism's physical traits |
| genotype | describes an organism's genes |
| dominant | is the allele that is expressed if only one copy is present |
| recessive | is expressed only when 2 copies are present |
| Punnett square | a tool used to show the pattern of heredity |
| ratio | compares two numbers |
| probability | the chance of a specific outcome |
| percentage | a ratio that compares a number to 100 |
| gamete | germ cells, sex cells or haploid cells |
| egg | female gamete |
| sperm | male gamete |
| fertilization | when a sperm and egg join to form one new cell |
| meiosis | the production of sex cells |