CTF 19
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Second industrial revolution19.1 B.R. | Steep growth in industry and the production of steel, petrolium, electric power, and the machinery to produce other goods |
| Bessemer Process 19.1 B.R. | Bessemer invented a process for removing air pockets from iron, and thus allowed steel to be made. This made skyscrapers possible, advances in shipbuilding, construction, etc. |
| Orville and Wilbur Wright 19.1 B.R. | These brothers were bicycle mechanics from Dayton, Ohio who built and flew the first plane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17, 1903. |
| Thomas Alva Edison 19.1 B.R. | invented numerous devices; the most well-known is his perfection of the electric light bulb in 1879. |
| Patents 19.1 B.R. | licenses that give an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a set period of time |
| Free Enterprise 19.1 B.R. | economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference |
| Entrepeneurs 19.1 B.R. | People who start their own buisnesses |
| Corporations 19.1 B.R. | businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock |
| Andrew Carnegie 19.1 B.R. | A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry by useing vertical integration. |
| John D. Rockefeller 19.1 B.R. | formed Standard Oil Trust and made millions while monopolizing the oil industry. He also used vertical integration and horizontal integration |
| Vertical Integration 19.1 B.R. | Practice where a single company controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution. |
| Horizontal Integration 19.1 B.R. | Owning all the buisnesses in a certain feild |
| Trust 19.1 B.R. | A grouping together of a nuber of companies under one board of directors. To earn higher prophits, trusts often tried to get rid of competition in their industry and to control production. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act 19.1 B.R. | law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free trade. However, the act did not clearly define what a trust was in legal terms. The law was difficult to enforce so the so corperations and trusts continued to grow in power. |
| Fredrick W. Taylor 19.2 B.R. | an American mechanical engineer. He sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is regarded as the father of scientific management and was one of the first management consultants. Although in doing all of this he treated people more as machinery |
| Collective Bargaining 19.2 B.R. | Labor disputes that often had more and more people join. |
| Knights of Labor 19.2 B.R. | Labor union founded by Uriah S. Stephens in 1869, that grew out of the collapse of the National Labor Union and was replaced by AF of L after a number of botched strikes |
| Terence V. Powderly 19.2 B.R. | Knights of Labor leader, opposed strikes, producer-consumer cooperation, temperance, welcomed blacks and women (allowing segregation) |
| Mary Harris Jones 19.2 B.R. | (called mother Jones) organized the United Mine Workers for better working conditions |
| American Federation of Labor 19.2 B.R. | Federation of craft labor unions lead by Samuel Gompers that arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor |
| Samuel Gompers 19.2 B.R. | He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers. |
| Haymarket Riot 19.2 B.R. | A demonstration of striking laborers in Chicago in 1886 that turned violent, killing a dozen people and injuring over a hundred. |
| Anarchists 19.2 B.R. | people who oppose organized government |
| Homestead Strike 19.2 B.R. | Strike at Andrew Carnegie's steel plant in which Pinkerton detectives clashed with steel workers |
| Pullman Strike 19.2 B.R. | 1894 railway workers strike for higher wages against the Pullman Company, in which President Grover Cleveland issued an injunction to prevent the strike. |
| Old Immigrants 19.3 B.R. | immigrants who had come to the US before the 1880s from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandenavia, or Northern Europe |
| New Immigrants 19.3 B.R. | immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880s from southern and eastern europe |
| Streerage 19.3 B.R. | 3rd class, cheapest form of travel on the ship where the machinery was licated. The people were often locked down there when disease broke out. |
| Benevolent Societies 19.3 B.R. | Organizations that helped immigrants in cases of sickness, unemployment, and death. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act 19.3 B.R. | Passed in 1882; banned Chinese immigration in US for a total of 40 years because the United States thought of them as a threat. Caused chinese population in America to decrease. |
| Immigration Restriction League 19.3 B.R. | A Nativist group who wanted to restrict immigration into the U.S. to certain groups they deemed desirable. Because of them congress passed a bill in 1897 requiring a literacy test for immigrants. |
| Suburbs 19.3 B.R. | Residential areas surrounding a city. Shops and businesses moved to suburbia as well as people. |
| Settlement Houses 19.3 B.R. | neighborhood centers in poor areas that offered education, recreation, and social activities |
| Hull House 19.3 B.R. | Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty. |
| Jane Addams 19.3 B.R. | the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes |
| Ellen Gates Starr 19.3 B.R. | Reformer who with Jane Adams founded Hull House in Chicago |
| Oliver Hudson Kelley 19.4 B.R. | starter of Patrons of Husbandry, an organization for farmers that became popularly known as the Grange |
| National Grange 19.4 B.R. | social and educational organization for farmers dedicated to improve their lives. |
| Interstate Commerce Act 19.4 B.R. | Provided consistant national regulations on trade between the states. |
| Interstate Commerce Commission 19.4 B.R. | a former independent federal agency that supervised and set rates for carriers that transported goods and people between states |
| Free Coinage 19.4 B.R. | Both gold and silver were made into coins |
| Gold standard 19.4 B.R. | Now only gold could back money |
| William Jennings Bryan 19.4 B.R. | Politician who ran for president 1896, 1900 and 1908 under Democrats, was a pro-silverite and Populist leader |
| Benjamin Harrison 19.4 B.R. | 23rd U.S. President. 1889-1893. Republican. Passed Sherman Silver Purchase Act. |
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act 19.4 B.R. | Increased the amount of silver the gov. baught for coinage, but the money supply did not increase enough to satisfy silver supporters |
| Farmers' Alliance 19.4 B.R. | A Farmers' organization founded in late 1870s; worked to lower railroad freight rates, lower interest rates, and a change in the governments tight money policy |
| Populist Party 19.4 B.R. | U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies |
| James B. Weaver 19.4 B.R. | He was the Populist candidate for president in the election of 1892; received only 8.2% of the vote. He was from the West. |
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