| Term | Definition |
|---|
| cell division | one cell divides to form two identical daughter cells |
| daughter cells | 2 identical cells formed by cell division |
| interphase | most of a cell's life is spent in a period of growth and preparation for cell division |
| G1 phase | a phase in which a cell takes in nutrients which are used for energy, growht and repair |
| S phase | the cell prepares for cell division by duplicating its genetic material or chromosomes |
| G2 phase | a cell undergoes another phase of growth in which extra organelles and cytoplasm are produced in preparation for cell division |
| Mitosis | cell division in which 2 identical and completely new cells are produced |
| prophase | the first phase of mitosis in which ghe chromatin condenses to form chromosomes |
| centromere | the point at which sister chromatid are attached |
| spindle | a fanlike structure that organizes themselves around the centrioles and attach themselves to the centromeres |
| metaphase | the second phase of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane is completely broken down and the chromosomes have lined up along the middle of the cell |
| anaphase | the third phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and begin to move to opposite poles of the cell |
| telophase | the final p hase in which the chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell and begin to unravel |
| cell plate | in plant cells a t structure that forms in the area between the 2 nuclei |
| meiosis | takes place in organisms that reproduce sexually to form genetically unique sex cells |
| gametes | unique sex cells that are fomed during meiosis |
| somatic cells | bedy cells that ar fromed during mitosis |
| zygote | the very first cell that on an organism that is produced bye combing of 2 sex cells |
| fetilization | the process of 2 sex cells combing to form a zygote |
| haploid number | the number of chromosomes in a sex cell.. 1/2 of the chromosomes of a normal cell |
| diploid number | the number of chromosomes found in a normal cell |
| homologoous chromosomes | matching pair of chromosomes |
| synapsis | in prophase I of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes pair up |
| crossing over | occurs when chromosomes segmetns are broken off and exchanged between homologous chromosomes and it leads to additional genetic variation in an offspring |
| independent assortment | in metaphase I of meiosis after crossing over, the homologoues pairs of chromosomes line up at the cell's center in a random fashion |
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