Ch. 13 - Pathology
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Created by:
tzsilznarf on October 4, 2011
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88 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 anisocytosis | cells are unequal in size |
| hypochromia | cells have reduced color (less hemoglobin) |
| macrocytosis | cells are large |
| microcytosis | cells are small |
| poikilocytosis | cells are irregularly shaped |
| spherocytosis | cells are rounded |
| dyscrasia | any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood |
| anemia | deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin |
| aplastic anemia | failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow |
| hemolytic anemia | reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction |
| pernicious anemia | lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body |
| sickle cell anemia | hereditary condition characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis |
| thalassemia | inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background |
| hemochromatosis | excess iron deposits throughout the body |
| polycythemia vera | general increase in red blood cells (erythremia) |
| hemophilia | excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors necessary for blood clotting |
| purpura | multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin |
| leukemia | increase in cancerous white blood cells |
| acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (AML) | immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate |
| acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) | immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate |
| chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (CML) | both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow and bloodstream |
| chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) | abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen |
| granulocytosis | abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood |
| mononucleosis | infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes |
| multiple myeloma | malignant neoplasm of bone marrow |
| antiglobulin test | test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes |
| bleeding time | time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound |
| coagulation time | time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube |
| complete blood count (CBC) | determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values - MCH, MCV, MCHC |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma |
| hematocrit (Hct) | percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood |
| hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB) | total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood |
| platelet count | number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood |
| prothrombin time (PT) | test of the ability of blood to clot |
| red blood cell count (RBC) | number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood |
| red blood cell morphology | microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells |
| white blood cell count (WBC) | number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood |
| white blood cell differential [count] | percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood |
| apheresis | separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood |
| blood transfusion | whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient |
| bone marrow biopsy | microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle |
| hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient |
| abbr: Ab | antibody |
| abbr: ABMT | autologous bone marrow transplantation - patient serves as his or her own donor for stem cells |
| abbr: ABO | four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O |
| abbr: ALL | cute lymphocytic leukemia |
| abbr: AML | cute myelogenous leukemia |
| abbr: ANC | absolute neutrophil count - this is the total WBC times a measure of the number of neutrophils present in the blood |
| abbr: ASCT | autologous stem cell transplantation |
| abbr: bands | immature white blood cells (granulocytes) |
| abbr: baso | basophils |
| abbr: BMT | bone marrow transplantation |
| abbr: CBC | complete blood count |
| abbr: CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| abbr: CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia |
| abbr: DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation - bleeding disorder marked by reduction in blood clotting factors due to their use and depletion for intravascular clotting |
| abbr: diff | differential count (white blood cells) |
| abbr: EBV | Epstein-Barr virus; cause of mononucleosis |
| abbr: eos | eosinophils |
| abbr: EPO | erythropoietin |
| abbr: ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| abbr: Fe | iron |
| abbr: G-CSF | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor - promotes neutrophil production |
| abbr: GM-CSF | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor - promotes myeloid progenitor cells with differentiation to granulocytes |
| abbr: g/dL | gram per deciliter |
| abbr: GVHD | graft-versus-host disease - immune reaction of donor's cells to recipient's tissue |
| abbr: HCL | hairy cell leukemia - abnormal lymphocytes accumulate in bone marrow, leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and infection |
| abbr: Hct | hematocrit |
| abbr: Hgb, HGB | hemoglobin |
| abbr: H and H | hemoglobin and hematocrit |
| abbr: HLA | human leukocyte antigen |
| abbr: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM | immunoglobulins |
| abbr: lymphs | lymphocytes |
| abbr: McH | mean corpuscular hemoglobin - average amount of hemoglobin per cell |
| abbr: MCHC | mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration - average concentration of hemoglobin in a single red cell |
| abbr: MCV | mean corpuscular volume - average volume or size of a single red blood cell |
| abbr: mm3 | cubic millimeter |
| abbr: mono | monocyte |
| abbr: polys, PMNs, PMNLs | polymorphonuclear leukocytes; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
| abbr: PT | prothrombin time |
| abbr: PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| abbr: RBC | red blood cell; red blood cell count |
| abbr: sed rate | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| abbr: segs | segmented, mature white blood cells (neutrophils) |
| abbr: SMAC | Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer - an automated chemistry system that determines substances in serum |
| abbr: µL | microliter |
| abbr: WBC | white blood cell; white blood cell count |
| abbr: WNL | within normal limits |
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