The Scientists of Ch. 4
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Created by:
DiamondKathleen on October 4, 2011
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Democritus | all matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms |
| John Dalton | Law of definite composition; relative masses |
| J.J. Thomson | cathode rays; plum-pudding model |
| George Johnstone Stoney | electrons |
| Wilhelm Roentgen | x-rays |
| Ernest Rutherford | alpha particles (7300 electrons); nucleus; nuclear model of the atom; protons |
| Hans Geiger | had students experiment |
| Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen | prism spectroscope |
| spectroscopy | the study of how matter produces and interacts with electromagnetic radiation |
| Atomic number (Z) | number of protons in the nucleus |
| James Chadwick | neutrons |
| Niels Bohr | continuous spectrum; line spectra; principal energy levels |
| photons | massless particles |
| de Broglie's hypothesis | If waves could behave like particles, then particles could behave like waves. |
| Heisenberg uncertainty principal | it is impossible to know both the energy or momentum and the exact position of an electron at the same time |
| highest value for n | 7 |
| there are n values for l | ranging from 0 to n-1 |
| max for s sublevel | 2 |
| max for p sublevel | 6 |
| max for d sublevel | 10 |
| max for f sublevel | 14 |
| aufbau principle | the arrangement of electrons in an atom is determined by adding electrons to an atom with a lower atomic number (one with fewer electrons) |
| orbital notation | arrows |
| electron configuration | spdf levels |
| Hund's rule | as electrons fill a sublevel, all orbitals receive one electron with the same spin before they begin to pair up |
| Raymond Damadian | magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| isotopes | atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| mass number (A) | the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| unified atomic mass units (amu) | 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
| valence electron | electrons in the outermost energy level |
| ion | charged atom |
| cation | positive ion |
| anion | negative ion |
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