chem ch 4.4
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Created by:
mttjanes15 on October 4, 2011
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 15) Gravity | Universal attraction of all objects to one another |
| 16) Electromagnetism | Attraction or repulsion based on charge or poles |
| 17) Strong nuclear force | Force holding the nucleus of an atom together |
| 18) Week nuclear force | Force causing subatomic particles to change into one another (nuclear radiation) |
| 19) Gravity is described by | Einstein's general relativity |
| 20) General relativity and quantum mechanics | Contradict each other |
| 21) Difference in use | Relativity is for larger objects, quantum forces for electrons or something to small to ever see |
| 22) What does quantum mechanics describes | How forces and motion work at an atomic level |
| 23) Atoms release energy | Is specific amounts only, not just any amount, there is a pattern |
| 24) Electrons excited state | When you add energy to an atom it causes electrons to get out of its assigned spot and randomly fill all of the other higher energy layers |
| 25) Eventually | The atoms will move back to the original position and die down which released the energy that was put in. |
| 26) When atoms drop from an excited state back to the original position | They admit light as energy |
| 27) Photons | Depending on how much or far the electrons goes back depends on the photon energy it releases, so in its goes 2 it could be green light, 1 would be red light, 3 could be ultra violet light. |
| 28) Light and examples | Refers to all electromagnetism, not just light we can see, radio waves, micro waves |
| 29) They all travel at the speed of light but what is the difference say 3 | Frequency, wavelength, and energy |
| 30) Neils bohr hydrogen light bulb proves discrete amounts | The electricity goes through the gas and all the atoms electrons jump and when they come back down only one color of light come out instead of the rainbow b/c there was only a specific energy level drop to produce only that color in that atom |
| 31) What hold atoms together and keeps electrons near | EM force |
| 32) Attractions | Like repel, and opposites attract |
| 33) If opposites attract why do -'s travel around the +'s not connect like magnets | b/c at the same time as it is trying to ge close to the proton it is also staying as far away from the other electrons keeping it from connecting |
| 34) If Hydrogen only has one electron so there is nothing to keep it away from the proton, then why don't they connect | b/c the electron is so fast and powerfull it keeps falling around the atom instead of getting to the middle, like the earth around the sun, instead of moving directly into the sun |
| 35) Pauli exclusion principle | You cannot have more than two electrons in one orbital (on the same line b/c of this repulsion |
| 36) Orbital | The area with the highest probability that the electron travels in |
| 37) The high energy | Keeps them spinning around |
| 38) How does an electron move | We don't know b/c they are too small to see we can just predict the area. |
| 39) Heisenberg uncertainty principle | We can never know where an electron Is and where it is going at the same time |
| 40) What does the S orbital look like | A sphere |
| 41) What does the second P orbital look like | A crazy shape and the more you add the more circular shapes are added |
| 42) The more positive neutrons | The closer the electrons orbit to the nucleus |
| 43) Why do we sometimes skip d and f | only a large nucleus can squeeze all of those orbitals into one energy level |
| 44) Aufbau principle | Electrons will occupy the lowesr energy orbital available |
| 45) If electrons were forced to be in the same orbital b/c of a large number of electrons | They are assumed to go in oppo directions from each other, which is represented by the arrow |
| 46) What holds the nucleus together | Strong nuclear force |
| 47) EM forces want to blow the nucleus protons +'s apart | but neutral neutrons lessen the affect |
| 48) Without enough neutrons, and what is this | the atom will break apart know as radioactive decay |
| 49) Radioactive decay acts fast in isotopes | b/c they have more electrons than the normal atom should |
| 50) Mole | Measurement used for a group of atoms b/c scientists can use atoms they are to small |
| 52) Law of multiple proportions | The same elements may combine to for different compounds like hyfrogen and oxygen to form water but other as well like hydrogen peroxide, ect. |
| 53) Law of conservation of mass | Mass in not created or destroyed the mass of the product must equal the reactant |
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