Science Unit Test Chapter 2-Brislen
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Created by:
AlexaSJHHS on October 4, 2011
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Description:
Chemistry of Life
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 atom | the smallest basic unit of matter |
| element | one particular type of atom that can't be broken down into a simpler substance |
| compound | a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond |
| ion | an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
| solution | a mixture or substance that is the same throughout |
| solvent | a substance present in a greater amount that dissolves another |
| solute | a substance that dissolves in a solvent |
| Covalent Bond | a bond that forms when atoms share electrons |
| Ionic Bond | a bond that forms when an atom gains or loses electrons |
| Hydrogen | an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom |
| high specific heat | water resists change in temperature, water absorbs heat produced in a chemical reaction |
| cohesion | the attraction among molecules of different substances, water molecules stick to each other |
| adhesion | the attraction between molecules of different substances, water molecules stick to different things |
| pH<7 | acid, high H+ concentration |
| pH>7 | base, low H+ concentration |
| polar molecule | a molecule that has a slightly negative or slightly positive charge |
| What elements are found in an organic compound | HCONP (hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphoris) |
| What are the 4 types of carbon based molecules? | Carbohydrates, fats/oils, proteins, nucleic acids |
| Polymer/Monomer | polymer: a large carbon based molecule formed by smaller molecules called monomers |
| protein monomer | amino acid |
| polypeptide monomer | amino acid |
| polysaccharides monomer | monosaccharides (glucose and simple sugars) |
| carbohydrate monomer | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, glucose, simple sugars |
| nucleic acid monomer | nucleotides |
| What type of molecules are phospholipids? | lipids, fats, and oils |
| what cell structure are made of phospholipids? | the cell membrane |
| How do chemical reactions change substances into different substances? | by adding activation energy |
| activation energy | the lowest amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| exothermic reaction | a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat |
| endothermic reaction | a chemical reaction that absorbs energy |
| catalyst | a substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | a protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms |
| substrate | a reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts upon |
| Lock and key model | helps explain how enzymes work |
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