1.
How did the 30 Years War end?: the Peace of Westphalia.
2.
How did the 30 Years War start?: religious conflict, persecution, intolerance
3.
Peace of Augsberg (1555): German princes were given the right to decide which religion his subjects would follow
4.
The Council of Trent (1545): meant to clarify and reaffirm Catholic views, end abuses of the Church that led to the reformation (indulgences, simony)
5.
two sects of Lutheranism?: Calvinism, Anabaptist
6.
What brought on the Reformation?: people were discontent with the Church because they were being involved in too many secular affairs and had too many materialistic things they didn't need and weren't paying for
7.
what did the Edict of Nantes (1598) proclaim and why?: it allowed Huguenot worship in some place. The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre caused the death of a lot of Huguenots
8.
what helped the spread of the 95 theses?: Gutenberg's printing press
9.
what were indulgences?: a way to buy yourself into heaven
10.
What were major overall effects of the Reformation?: major religious phenomenon, social and political change
11.
What were results of the 30 Years War?: Protestantism was stronger, European leaders finally figured out that violence was not the answer to religious intoleration
12.
which German minister was actively selling indulgences in Northern Germany?: Johann Tetzel
13.
Who did Lutheranism primarily attract at first?: Germany and Scandinavian nations
14.
Who founded the Jesuits and why?: Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith.
15.
who was Martin Luther?: Augustinian monk, created the 95 theses
16.
who was selling indulgences and why?: Pope Leo the Tenth in order to finance the construction of a new church in Rome
17.
why did Martin Luther create the 95 theses?: after coming into contact with Tetzel, he became so disapproving of the church he created 95 statements pointing out what was wrong with the church and nailed them to the door of the cathedral
18.
why was Luther excommunicated?: he refused to take back his statements about the church