Development of the Skeletal System
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Created by:
chaiteapaddy on October 4, 2011
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Neural tube grows out to split sclerotome in 2 | How do future spinal nerve roots form off the neural tube? |
| Cranial and Caudal portions fuse, intersegmental | How do sclerotomes form future vertebrae? |
| Congenital Scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine due to developmental defect. Can be failure to form, segment or a mix of the two. |
| Costal processes, condensed mesenchymal cells lateral to the vertebral bodies | How do ribs develop? |
| Arises from cartilaginous sternal bars on the ventral body wall | How does the sternum develop? |
| Outgrowth of body wall late in week 4 | When and where do limbs start to develop? |
| Lateral Plate mesoderm forms core covered by ectoderm | What composes the bud that will become a limb? |
| Hox genes | What genes position the limb on the body wall in addition to ordering the vertebral segments? |
| Apical Ectodermal Ridge | Thickened layer on apex of limb bud, produces FGF to promote growth/mitosis of underlying mesoderm. Controls prox/dist and dors/vent axes. |
| Zone of Polarizing Activity | Mesoderm cells in base of limb bud that control ant/post axis. Produces retionic acid/vitamin A |
| Initiates SHh which patterns digits, guides limb bud | What effect does retionic acid have on limb development? |
| Progress Zone, Zone of Differentiation | In the limb, where does growth/mitosis occur? What follow after it? |
| Skeleton, vasculature | What does the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to in the limb? |
| Hypaxial Mesoderm | What gives rise to muscles in the limb? |
| Neural Crest Cells | What gives rise to Schwann cells in the limb? |
| Motor Axons | What does neural tube give rise to in the limb? |
| 90deg laterally | During development, how does the upper limb rotate? |
| Meromelia / Amelia | Reduction defect where part of the limb is missing / all of it |
| Mesomelia | Reduction defect where the forearm or leg is shortened |
| Polydactyly | Duplication defect of extra digits |
| Duplication of Apical Ectodermal Ridge | What leads to duplication defects of the limb? |
| Syndactyly | What malformation features webbed fingers/toes due to apoptosis defect? |
| Bradydactyly | What malformation features shortened fingers/toes and is usually seen with shortened stature? |
| Cleft Hand/Foot, Lobster Claw | What malformation features the absence of the middle digit? |
| Sirenomelia | What form of caudal dysplacia features fused lower limbs? (Mermaid Syndrome) |
| Talipes Equinovarus | What rotational defect is common and often due to mechanical stress? |
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