General Bio Test 1
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Created by:
Nicole9343 on October 5, 2011
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Crompton General Biology Study Guides
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68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Biomacromolecules are synthesized by which reaction? | Dehydration |
| The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? | Second level; folding pattern |
| Definition of monosaccharide | Any of the class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar, such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose |
| Which of the following polysaccharides is not made purely of glucose? | Glucose is a hexagon made of O, H, CH, OH. Starches |
| Which amino acid starts every protein? | Methionine |
| Why is size an important factor for cells? | Smaller size leads to a larger surface area to volume ratio. The larger the cell, the smaller the ratio becomes. |
| Which cellular structure packages proteins for secretion? | Rough ER or Golgi apparatus |
| Which cellular structure doesn't contain DNA? | The mitochondria, nucleus, and chloroplasts DO contain DNA, all others don't. |
| Which is not a cytoskeletal structure? | Cytoskeletal structures are microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments. |
| Which cellular structure fixes carbon? | Chloroplasts |
| Which organelle translates RNA? | Ribosomes |
| When do the chromosomes line up? | Metaphase |
| Which cellular structures separate during G2? | Centrioles/cenrosomes separate to the opposite poles of the cell |
| What separate during anaphase I? | Tetrads (homologous chromosome pairs) |
| What happens during metaphase I? | Tetrads line up on the metaphase plane |
| Deuterostomes have | Radical cleavage, indeterminate cells, "second mouth" |
| The cnidarians are | Jellyfish and anemones |
| Sponges have | No nervous system |
| Platyhelminthes are | Flat worms |
| How many species make the largest group of insects? | Beetles (500,000) |
| What do all crustaceans have? | Biramous, cephelathorax. |
| Chordates are not characterized by? | Chordates have: Pharangyl slits, dorsal nerve cord, notochord, and post-anal tail |
| Which class of fish is entirely extinct? | Placodermii and Acanthodii |
| Which of the following orders is not amphibian? | Amphibian orders are: Anura (frogs), Caudata/Urodela (salamanders/newts), Apoda (caecilian without legs) |
| Which does not have the typical extraembryonic membranes of the amniotes? | Amniotes have: Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia |
| Which tetrapod class has the most species? | Aves (birds) |
| Which teeth define a mammalian order? | Grinding, ripping, and chiseling teeth |
| The second largest order of mammals, after the rodents, is | Chiropetra (bats) |
| When an egg is fertilized, which of the following does not take place? | Order of events: cleavage divisions, gastralation, neurolation, and embryonic folding |
| After which stage of development does the embryo implant in the uterine wall? | Gastrulation |
| Order of taxonomy | Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| Heterptrophs | Do not make their own food |
| Autotrophs | Make their own food |
| Eumetazoa | True animals |
| Protozoa | Not true animals |
| Four major phylum | Arthropoda, Mollusca, Chordata, and Platyhelmentes |
| True body cavity | Ceolmates |
| Semi-true body cavity | Pseudocoelomate |
| False body cavity (gastrovascular cavity) | Aceomates |
| Two divisions of ceolmates | Protosomes (mouth develops first) and Deuterosomes (anus first) |
| Spiral cleavage | Pulls up and spins |
| Radial cleavage | Pulls straight up |
| Protosomes | Determinate divisions (no twins) |
| Deuterosomes | Indeterminate divisions (twins) |
| Zygote development stages (embrygenesis) | Cleavage divisions into eight cells, blastula, gastrulation, neurolation, and embryonic folding |
| Three body layers | Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm |
| Which phylum has 80% of its species unnamed? | Arthropoda |
| Largest order of insect (Arthropods) | Coloptera |
| Four features of chordates | Hollow dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal pouches, a notochord, and a postanal tail |
| Six characteristics of vertebrates | Vertebral column, endoskeleton, head, teeth, internal organs, and neural crest |
| What defines the head, skeleton, skin color, PNS, and adrenal glands? | The neural crest |
| Largest class of fish | Actinopterygii |
| Classes that lay complex eggs (on land) | Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia (amniotes) |
| Four major biomolocules | Proteins, carbon, nucleic acid, and lipids |
| 1 monomer | Amino acid |
| 2 monomers | Dipeptide |
| 3 monomers | Tripeptide |
| 4+ monomers | polypeptide |
| How many amino acids are there? | 20 |
| Cell cycle | G1 (prepares to divide), S (amount of chromatids doubled), G2 (proteins synthesized for cell growth), and M (mitosis) |
| Mitosis (asexual) | Prophase (sister chromatids condense and nuclear envelope begins to separate), prometaphase (sisters attach to spindle), metaphase (sisters align along the metaphase plate), anaphase (sisters separate and the poles are defined), and telophase (nuclear envelope begins to reform and separate the two new cells). |
| Cytokinesis | When the two new cells separate into two separate cells |
| Meiosis | Same as mitosis except tops of the chromosomes cross over and there is a second meiosis |
| Structure for DNA and RNA | Nucleotide |
| Difference between smooth and rough ER | Rough is covered in ribosomes |
| Extra plant cell organelles | Central vacuole (uses water to support), chloroplasts (capture light for photosynthesis), and cell walls (hard outside) |
| Tonoplast | Plant cell membrane |
| Three parts of cytoskeleton | Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments |
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