1.
animal phyla that are not bilaterally symmetrical: sponges, radiata
2.
archenteron: internal cavity inside blastocoel, primitive gut lining of animal. Opening to outside = blastopore (becomes either anus or mouth
3.
blastocoel: central fluid-filled cavity inside blastula
4.
cephalization: evolutionary trend concentrating sensory systems at animals' anterior end
5.
choanaflagellate: colonial protist that may have been animal ancestor
6.
cleavage: series of mitotic divisions of zygote
7.
coelom: space located between digestive tract and outer body wall, forms from mesoderm. Acoelomates have no coelom
8.
determinate cleavage: developmental fate of each embryonic cell is determined very early (displayed by protostomes)
9.
diploblastic: tissues and organs of animal created from two distinct germ layers
10.
ectoderm: give rise to nervous system, skin
11.
endoderm: gut linning, digestive organs, lungs
12.
enterocoelom: masses of mesodermal cells bud off wall of archenteron to form this (deuterostomes)
13.
gastrovascular cavity: fluid filled digestive tract acting as incomplete digestive system. Also acts as hydrostatic skeleton
14.
gastrulation: after blastula stage, layers of embryonic tissues that will develop into body parts are produced
15.
indeterminate cleavage: each cell produced by early cleavage retains capacity to develop into complete embryo - for this reason identical twins can develop from one zygote (deuterostome)
16.
larval stage: sexually immature forms, morphologically different from adult. Eventually undergo metamorphosis to become adult
17.
Life cycle of animals: Gametic; diploid adult stage with haploid gametes
18.
mesenteries: mesodermally derived tissues (organs suspended in coelom)
19.
mesoderm: muscle, blood, skeletal system, reproductive, excretory, endocrine, peritoneum
20.
morula: solid ball of cells after several rounds of cleavage, the becomes blastula (hollow ball of cells)
21.
organogenesis: formation of specific organs, followed by gastrulation
22.
schizocoelom: during gastrulation, archenteron forms solid masses of mesoderm that later split open forming this fluid filled body cavity (protostomes)
23.
triploblastic: three germ layers, have mesoderm
24.
two groups of higher coelomate animals: protostomes (blastopore becomes mouth) and deuterostomes (blastopore becomes anus)