| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Sender | Sends a message to a Reader or Receiver |
| Receiver | Receives a message from a sender |
| Encoding | process of transforming information from one format into another |
| Decoding | is the reverse of encoding, which is the process of transforming information from one format into another |
| Feedback | describes the situation when output from (or information about the result of) an event or phenomenon in the past will influence the same event/phenomenon in the present or future |
| Mass Communication | information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time. It is usually understood to relate to newspaper and magazine publishing, radio, television and film, as these are used both for disseminating news and for advertising |
| Media | plural of medium and refers to the technologized facilitation of communication (via phone, TV, film) |
| Culture | Way we live and represent ourselves, always changes, how we make meaning, hierarchies (high, low, mass, pop) |
| Publicity | is the deliberate attempt to manage the public's perception of a subject |
| Spin | a heavily biased portrayal of an event or situation |
| Public Relations/PR | Image-making - Spin as we know it |
| Fathers of PR | Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays |
| Communication | sender and reciever |
| Medium | Middle - facilitate communication between (middle) the sender of a message and the receiver |
| Reader | Audiences' active role in interpreting received messages |
| Social Construction | process of actively creating meaning. (Ex. how people interpret others choices, clothes, music) (some think fad) |
| Sociological Perspective | considers the role of media at the micro and macro level |
| macro | context of social forces (ex. politics, economy and tech) |
| micro | role of media in our individual lives |
| Socialization | process whereby we learn and internalize the values, beliefs and norms of our culture (dev a sence of self) |
| Ideology | system of meaning that helps defines and explain the world |
| Structure/Agency Relationship | suggests constraint on human action and acency indicates independent action |
| structure | not physical (ex family and social structure) |
| agency | intentional and undetermined human action (restricted due to social structure) |
| Broadcasting | is distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults |
| Narrowcasting | has traditionally been understood as the dissemination of information (usually by radio or television) to a narrow audience, not to the general public |
| Technological Determinism | defined as an approach that identifies technology, or technological advances, as the central causal element in processes of social change |
| Cultural Determinism | is the belief that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are at emotional and behavioral levels |
| Supervening Social Necessity | Accelerated technological development to suit society in that moment |
| Law od Suppression of Radical Potential | stall new technologies from replacing an older out of date technology |
| Corporation | is a legal entity separate from the persons that form it. It is a legal entity owned by individual stockholders |
| Political economy | originally was the term for studying production, buying and selling, and their relations with law, custom, and government |
| Derequlation of media | act removed barriers which previously prevented telecom business from directly competing thus act fostered compettition (was also intended to offer consumers a choice) |
| Telecommunication Act of 1996 | Pres Clinton signed - changed policies set in place by the communications act of 1934 - first change in 62 years |
| monopoly | One owner controls an entire market |
| Oligopoly | control by a smaller number of firms |
| Concentration | few corps own the media, become part of larger corps, which own collections of other companies |
| Conglomeration | media companies that become a part of much larger corp which own a collection of other companies that may operate in highly diverse business area |
| Synergy | dynamic where components of a company work together to produce benefits which would be impossible for a single company (ex you got mail) |
| Horizontal Integration | process by which one company buys different kinds of media concentrating ownership across differing types of media rather than "up and down" through ONE industry (ex tv stations, mags) |
| Vertical Integration | Process by which one owner acquires all aspects of production and distribution of a SINGLE type of media (ex movie comp acquire talent, production, videos) |
| Horizontal Diversity | developed by Entman in 1989 - refers to the differences in content between TWO newspapers |
| Vertical Diversity | developed by Entman in 1989 - refers to a range of actors mentioned and the degree of disagreement in a SINGLE newspaper |
| Logic of Safety | revolves around minimizing the risk of losing money on programs |
| Homogenization hypothesis | consistant media (ex. desk = news) |
| Free Market Economics | is a market that is free of government intervention and regulation, besides the minimal function of maintaining the legal system and protecting property rights |
| Product placement | is a type of advertising, in which promotional advertisements are placed by marketers using real commercial products and services in media |
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