Biochemistry - AP Bio
Order by
19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Characteristics of water | strong H2 attraction between molecules cause; Very polar, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, dissolves all polar molecules, a universal solvent, strong cohesion property; molecules stick together |
| Isomers | organic compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural formulas; isomers have different properties, three types; structural, geometric, and enantiomers/sterioisomers (mirror images); three isomers of C6H12O6 = glucose, galactose, and fructose |
| Organic Compounds | compounds containing carbon, example; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| Allosteric Inhibition | Involves an enzyme with two active sites; one for a substrate, one for a inhibitor (allosteric site); the enzyme can alternate between 2 different conformations; one active, one inactive |
| Noncompetitive Inhibition | The enzyme has more than one site, and the substrates do not resemble each other; when 1 substrate binds to its active site, the second enzyme cannot bind; thus, no product is formed. |
| Competitive Inhibition | 2 different substrates resemble each other and compete for the same active site on one enzyme. Either substrate A or substrate B binds with enzyme; not both. This inhibits the formation of a particular product by preventing one substrate from combining with an enzyme. |
| Enzyme Characteristics | are organic catalysts that control the rate of reactions, lower the energy of activation, Is assisted by coenzymes(vitamins) and cofactors(minerals). Begin to denature above 40 degrees C in humans; Different enzymes function at different levels of pH - for example gastric(stomach) enzymes in acid environment and intestinal enzyme in alkaline environment - Function based on induced fit |
| Nucleic Acids | RNA- ribonucleic acid, DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid - polymers consisting of chains of nucleotides - nucleotides consist of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base |
| Polar Molecule | An asymmetrical molecule=a dipole; Hydrophilic ex. Water |
| Non- Polar Molecule | Symmetrical or balanced molecule; hydrophobic ex. Lipid |
| Cofactors | Assist enzymes; minerals |
| Coenzymes | Assist enzymes; vitamins |
| Lipids | Consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; comprise fats, oils, waxes, and steroids; hydrophobic; made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids; serve several functions (1) energy storage and insulation (2) structural —phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes and protect delicate organisms (3) endocrine—some steroids are hormones |
| Protein Structures | (1) Primary Structure—amino acid sequence (2) Secondary Structure—intermolecular hydrogen bonding (3) Tertiary Structure—globular proteins; 3-D shape determines specificity; due to all interactions other than H¬2 bonding (4) Quaternary Structure—consisting of more than a single chain |
| Carbohydrates | Consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, give quick energy empirical formula = [CH2O]n where n = # of carbons; are polymers—chains of repeating subunits of monosaccharides; monosaccharides—glucose, galactose, fructose; disaccharides—sucrose, lactose, maltose; polysacchrides—cellulose and starch (plants), glycogen, chitin (animals) |
| Activation Energy | Energy required to begin a reaction. |
| Substrate | The Molecule and enzyme works on. |
| Active Site | Where enzyme and substrate bond. |
| Induced Fit Model | As a substrate enters the active site of an enzyme, it induces the enzyme to alter its shape slightly so the two bond properly. An enzyme-substrate complex is formed. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.