terminology: chapter 6
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rjleonard92 on October 5, 2011
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81 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 antigen | substance that, when entering the body, prompts the generation of antibodies, causing an immune response |
| autoimmune | type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues |
| capillaries | microscopic blood vessels that connect the ends of the smallest arteries with the smallest veins of the circulatory system |
| hematopoiesis | production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow |
| immune response | defense function of the body that protects it against invading pathogens, foreign tissues and malignancies |
| immunodeficiency | decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism |
| interstitial fluid | fluid between cells and in tissue spaces |
| lymphocyte | type of white blood cell found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bloodstream, and lymph that functions in the body's immune system by recognizing and deactivating foreign substances |
| monocytes | large white blood cells formed in the bone marrow that circulate in the bloodstream and destroys pathogenic bacteria through phagocytosis |
| oncology | branch of medicine concerned with the study of cancerous growths |
| pathogens | any microorganism capable of producing disease |
| transfusion | collection of blood or a blood component from a donor followed by its infusion into a recipient |
| hematology | study of the blood and blood-forming tissues and the diseases associated with these tissues |
| hematologists | treat malignant and nonmalignant blood diseases |
| immunologist | medical specialist who studies and treats the body's defense mechanism against invasion of foreign substances that cause disease |
| blood | composed of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets; function is to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from cells |
| blood types | A, B, AB, O; based on the presence or absence of A or B antigens on the red blood cells; may also have Rh factors |
| lymphatic system | consists of lymph, vessels, nodes and the tonsils, thymus, and spleen; closely involved with the immune response; filters against foreign materials |
| agglutin/o | clumping, gluing |
| embo/o | embolus |
| erythyr/o | red |
| hem/o; hemat/o | blood |
| leuk/o | white |
| myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
| thromb/o | blood clot |
| ven/o | vein |
| aden/o | gland |
| immun/o | immune, immunity, safe |
| lymph/o | lymph |
| lymphaden/o | lymph gland |
| lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
| phag/o | swallowing, eating |
| splen/o | spleen |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -phage | swallowing, eating |
| -poiesis | formation, production |
| -stasis | standing still |
| macro- | large |
| micro- | small |
| mono- | one |
| anemia | blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of red blood cell production and hemoglobin, increased red blood cell destruction, or blood loss |
| aplastic | failure of bone marrow to produce stem cells because it has been damaged by disease, cancer, radiation, or chemotherapy drugs; rare but serious form of anemia |
| pernicious | deficiency of erythrocytes due to inability to absorb vitamin B-12 into the body, which plays a vital role in hematopoiesis |
| sickle cell | hereditary disorder of anemia characterized by crescent or sickle shaped erythrocytes; particularly prevalent among persons of african descent |
| thalassemia | group of hereditary anemias caused by an inability to produce hemoglobin; usually seen in people of mediterranean origin |
| hemophilia | group of hereditary bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for coagulation of blood |
| leukemia | malignant disease of the bone marrow characterized by excessive production of leukocytes |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome | deficiency of cellular immunity induced by infection with HIV, characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies and neurological diseases |
| hodgkin disease | malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, splenomegaly, and the presence of unique reed-sternberg cells in the lymph nodes |
| HIV | retrovirus that causes AIDS |
| immunodeficiency disease | any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system and generally characterized by a susceptibilty to infections and chronic diseases |
| kaposi sarcoma | malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue that is commonly fatal because the tumors readily metastasize to various organs, and is closely associated with AIDS |
| lymphadenitis | inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection |
| lymphedema | debilitating condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system that prevents lymph fluid in the upper limbs from draining adequately |
| mononucleosis | acute infection caused be the epstein-barr virus and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue and enlarged lymph nodes |
| multiple myeloma | malignant disease of bone marrow plasma cells |
| non-hodgkin lymphoma | any of a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue except for hodgkin disease |
| opportunistic infection | any infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend against pathogens normally found in the environment |
| stroke | sudden loss of neurological function, caused by vascular injury to an area of the brain; also known as CVA |
| systemic lupus erythematosus | chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with variable features that affect many body systems, particularly the skin, kidneys, heart and lungs |
| bone marrow aspiration | removal of a small amount of tissue to diagnose blood disorders, cancer, or infectious disease or to gather cells for later infusion into a patient |
| ELISA | test to screen blood for presence of HIV antibodies or for other disease causing substances |
| lymphangiography | radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of a contrast medium to view the path of lymph flow as it moves into the chest region |
| tissue typing | technique used to determine the histocompatibility of tissues; used in grafts and transplants with the recipient's tissues and cells; aka histocompatibility testing |
| western blot | test to detect presence of viral DNA in the blood and used to confirm the diagnosis of AIDS as well as detecting other viruses |
| blood transfusion | administration of whole blood or a component, such as packed red cells, to replace blood lost through trauma, surgery, or disease |
| bone marrow transplant | diseased bone marrow is destroyed by irradiation and chemotherapy, then replaced from a healthy donor to simulate production of normal blood cells; used to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and certain cancers |
| lymphangiectomy | removal of a lymph vessel |
| anticoagulants | prevent or delay blood coagulation |
| immunizations | vaccinations or injection of immune globulins to induce immunity to a particular infectious disease |
| immunosuppressants | suppress the immune response to prevent organ rejection after transplantation or slow the progression of autoimmune disease |
| thrombolytics | dissolve a blood clot |
| vaccinations | introduction of altered antigens into the body to produce an immune response and protect against disease |
| antitretroviral | medications for the treatment of infection by retroviruses, primarily HIV |
| CD4 | glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells |
| dyspnea | shortness of breath |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing oxygen-transport protein in the red blood cells |
| platelets | small, irregularly shaped clear cell fragments that gather at a wound and attempt to block the blood flow |
| sputum | mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways |
| pneumocystis pneumonia | form of pneumonia, caused by a yeast-like fungus; especially seen in people with cancer, HIV/AIDS and those who use medications that affect the immune system |
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