Ch.6 Introduction to the Skeletal System
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Created by:
rougui on October 5, 2011
Subjects:
anatomy and physiology from science to life second edition
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 skeletal system | The entire framework of bones, their cartilages, along with ligaments and tendons. |
| Functions of the Skeletal System | 1.support- the structural frame work 2. protection- protects sensitive internal organs 3.assistance in movement- allows muscular actions 4. mineral homeostasis-store calcium and other important minerals 5.blood cell production- all blood cells originate in red bone marrow 6.triglyceride storage- as we grow and age some red bone marrow becomes yellow bone marrow |
| Long Bones | distribute body weight, unevenly distributed, are slightly curved for strength, and absorbs the stress of the body weight. |
| Short Bones | length is equal, somewhat cube shaped, and nearly equal in length and width. |
| Flat Bones | are generally thin, provide protection, exstensive surfaces for muscle attachment. |
| Irregular Bones | complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any other bone category. |
| Sesamoid Bones | (patella) develope from stress in tendons, changes the angles of pull of a muscle, protects tendons from wear, and always completely ossified |
| Regions of a long bone 1. diaphysis | shaft of long bones |
| 2. epiphyses | proximal and distal ends of the bone |
| 2. metaphyses | the regions between the diaphysis and the epiphyses. |
| epiphyseal plate | a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length |
| epiphyseal line | when bone growth stops, the cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by this osseous tissue and results in this bony structure. |
| Surface tissues 1.articular cartilage | where the bone forms in articulation (joint) with another bone |
| 2. Periosteum | a though sheath of dense regular connective tissue that surrounds the bone surface wherever its not covered by articular cartilage |
| 3 Endosteum | thin connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity it contains bone forming cells |
| medullar cavity | the hollow cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow in adults |
| calcification | initiated by osteoblast |
| Osseous Tissue 1 osteogenic cells | unspecified stem cells derived from mescenchyme |
| 2 osteoblast | synthesis / secretes collagen fibers and other organic compounds |
| 3.osteocytes | mature bone cells, are the most numerous cells in osseous tissue and maintain its daily metabolism |
| 4. osteoclasts | huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 moncytes and are concentrated in the the endosteum |
| Compact bone | is the more dense of the two, providing much of the strength of long bones. |
| Perforating or Volkmann's canals | blood ,lymphatic vessels nerves from the periosteum penetrate the the compact bone tissue trough this canal |
| Central or Haversian canals | vessels in nerves connect with those of the periosteum |
| Concentric lamellae | this are rings of hard calcified extra cellular matrix |
| Lacunae | small spaces between the lamellae which contains osteocytes |
| Canaliculi | tiny and filled with extracelluar fluid |
| Osteons or Haversian systems | repeated structural units in compact bone tissue |
| Interstitial lamellae | fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone rebuilding or growth |
| Circumferential lamellae | lamellae that encircle the bone just beneath the periosteum or encircle the medullary cavity |
| Spongy bone | has many large spaces. Spongy bone is the predominant tissue in flat bones, and is much stronger than it looks. |
| trabeculae | lamellae that are arranged in an irregular lattice of thin colums of bone |
| periosteal arteries | enter the diaphysis through numerous perforating canals and supply blood to the periosteum and outer parts of the compact bone tissue |
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