Chapter 2. Population and Chapter 3. Migration
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StephanieYear on October 5, 2011
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Vocabulary Terms for Unit 2.
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Agricultural Revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering |
| census | a period count of the population |
| crude birth rate | the number of live births yearly per 1,000 people. |
| crude death rate | The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people. |
| demographic transition | The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. |
| demography | the scientific study of population characteristics |
| dependency ratio | The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compares to the number of people active in the labor force. |
| doubling time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
| epidemiologic transition | Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition. |
| epidemiology | Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people. |
| ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
| industrial revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. |
| infant mortality rate | the number of deaths in the first year of life for every 1,000 live births |
| overpopulation | The number of a people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. |
| life expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. |
| medical revolution | Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. |
| natural increase rate | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. |
| pandemic | an epidemic that is geographically widespread |
| physiological density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. |
| population pyramid | A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex. |
| sex ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population. |
| total fertility rate | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. |
| zero population growth | A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero. |
| brain drain | Large-scale emigration by talented people. |
| chain migration | migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there |
| circulation | Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis. |
| counterurbanization | Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries. |
| emigration | migration FROM a location |
| floodplain | The area subject to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends. |
| forced migration | Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors. |
| guest workers | Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern of Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs. |
| immigration | migration to a new location |
| internal migration | Permanent movement within a particular country. |
| international migration | permanent migration from one country to another. |
| interregional migration | Permanent movement from one region of a country to another. |
| intervening obstacle | An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration. |
| intraregional migration | Permanent movement within one region of a country. |
| migration | Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location. |
| migration transition | Change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition. |
| mobility | All types of movement from one location to another. |
| net migration | The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration. |
| pull factors | a factor that draws or attracts people to another location |
| quota | In reference to migration, a law that places maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year |
| refugees | People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. |
| undocumented immigrants | People who enter a country without proper documents. |
| voluntary migration | Permanent movement undertaken by choice. |
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