Fermel G Bio Chapter 6
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Light Microscope | a microscope that uses light which ispassed through a specimen and through glass lenses |
| Organelles | Membrane-enclosed compartments, tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive |
| Cell fractionation | Takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another. |
| 4 Basic features of all cells | Plasma Membrane, Semifluid substance called cytosol, Chromosomes (carry genes) Ribosomes (make protiens) |
| Prokaryotic cells characteristics | no nucleus, DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid, no membrane-bound organelles, cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane |
| Eukaryotic cells characteristics | DNA in nucleus which is bounded by membranous nuclear envelope, Membrane-bound organelles, Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus |
| Plasma membrane | Selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell. |
| Nucleus | Contains most of the cell's genes and is usually the most conspicuous organelle |
| Nuclear envelope | encloses the nucleus separating it from the cytoplasm. |
| Nuclear lamina | Shapes the nucleus, that is composed of protein |
| Chromosomes | DNA which is organized into discrete units |
| Chromatin | Proteins of the Chromosomes |
| Nucleolus | Located within the nucleus and is the site of ribosomal synthesis |
| Ribosomes | Particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein, Which carries out protien syntheses in the cytosol and outside of the endoplasmic reticulum a.k.a. nuclear envelope |
| endomembrane system components | nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Plasma membrane |
| Smooth ER | Lack ribosomes, Sythesizes lipids, Metabolizes Carbohydrates, Detoxifies drugs and poisons, Stores calcium ions |
| Rough ER | surface is studded with ribosomes, secretes glycoproteins, distributes transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes, a membrane factory for the cell |
| Glycoproteins | Proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates |
| Golgi apparatus | Flattened membranous sacs called cisternae, Modifies products of the ER, manufactures certain macromolecules, sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles |
| lysosome | A membranous sack of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules |
| Phagocytosis | when cells engulf another cell |
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