1.
4 Basic features of all cells: Plasma Membrane, Semifluid substance called cytosol, Chromosomes (carry genes) Ribosomes (make protiens)
2.
Cell fractionation: Takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another.
3.
Chromatin: Proteins of the Chromosomes
4.
Chromosomes: DNA which is organized into discrete units
5.
endomembrane system components: nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Plasma membrane
6.
Eukaryotic cells characteristics: DNA in nucleus which is bounded by membranous nuclear envelope, Membrane-bound organelles, Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus
7.
Glycoproteins: Proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates
8.
Golgi apparatus: Flattened membranous sacs called cisternae, Modifies products of the ER, manufactures certain macromolecules, sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles
9.
Light Microscope: a microscope that uses light which ispassed through a specimen and through glass lenses
10.
lysosome: A membranous sack of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules
11.
Nuclear envelope: encloses the nucleus separating it from the cytoplasm.
12.
Nuclear lamina: Shapes the nucleus, that is composed of protein
13.
Nucleolus: Located within the nucleus and is the site of ribosomal synthesis
14.
Nucleus: Contains most of the cell's genes and is usually the most conspicuous organelle
15.
Organelles: Membrane-enclosed compartments, tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive
16.
Phagocytosis: when cells engulf another cell
17.
Plasma membrane: Selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell.
18.
Prokaryotic cells characteristics: no nucleus, DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid, no membrane-bound organelles, cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane
19.
Ribosomes: Particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein, Which carries out protien syntheses in the cytosol and outside of the endoplasmic reticulum a.k.a. nuclear envelope
20.
Rough ER: surface is studded with ribosomes, secretes glycoproteins, distributes transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes, a membrane factory for the cell
21.
Smooth ER: Lack ribosomes, Sythesizes lipids, Metabolizes Carbohydrates, Detoxifies drugs and poisons, Stores calcium ions