Natural Disasters Midterm #1
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 3 sources of earth's heat? | radioactive decay, primordial heat, and solar energy |
| raft like structure floating on mantle | lithosphere |
| below lithosphere, drawn up into mid-ocean ridge | asthenosphere |
| convection creating trade winds | coriolis effect |
| types of plate boundaries | divergent, convergent, transform |
| plate boundary that's generally non-threatening because of the hot, thin brittle zone | divergent |
| plate boundary that requires great amounts of energy because of the cold, thick brittle zone and shallow angle | convergent |
| plate boundaries slide past, but get stuck at irregularities and bends- generally moderate to warm with a modest brittle zone | transform |
| what indicates continental shift? | magma magnetized by Earth's magnetic field |
| two types of faults | dip-slip and strike-slip |
| two types of Dip-slip faults and their dominant force | normal-extension and thrust-compression |
| in a strike slip fault, if you are standing on one side and the other side moves left, you have a... | left lateral fault |
| plates moving at the same rate/direction | fracture zone |
| point directly above hypocenter on surface | epicenter |
| earthquake first occurs at this point | hypocenter |
| study of earthquakes and earthquake waves | seismology |
| two types of seismic waves | body waves and surface waves |
| two types of body waves (fastest to slowest) | P and S |
| body wave that is first to arrive, faster through more solid | P wave |
| body wave that is 2nd to arrive; does not go through liquid or gas | S wave |
| slower seismic waves, more concentrated on the surface | surface waves |
| surface wave that moves up and down and side to side (like the ocean) | Rayleigh wave |
| surface wave that moves side to side and makes building fall | Love wave |
| hot stuff goes up, cold stuff goes down- involved with sun, rain, and mantle | convection |
| subducting cold plates make the planet...? | cool off faster |
| Three ways to measure magnitude: | Richter, Seismic moment, Mercalli Scale |
| What determines the magnitude of an earthquake? | the size of rock being subducted and how cold and brittle the rock is |
| largest earthquakes found here: | subduction zones |
| why do subduction zones cause the largest earthquakes? | subduction causes cooling and increases brittle facture; low angle dip means the area of the fault in the brittle zone will be larger |
| conspicuous area missing earthquakes | seismic gap |
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