Unit 4 Flashcards
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Valence Electrons | The highest energy electrons that are only in the "s" and "p" subshells. |
| Covalent Bond | Bonds in which electrons are shared resulting in a molecule. |
| Ionic Bond | Bonds formed from (+ or -) in which electrons are transferred. |
| Anion | A negative ion |
| Cation | A positive ion |
| Exothermic | Energy is released from the system to the surroundings when a bond is formed or broken |
| Endothermic | Energy is absorbed from the surroundings to the system when a bond is formed or broken |
| Octet Rule | Atoms bond to obtain eight (8) electrons in their outermost energy level, or atoms bond to become isoelectronic with their closest noble gas. |
| Chemical Formula | Shorthand notation to represent the composition of a substance using chemical symbols |
| Molecule | Smallest unit of covalently bonded elements |
| Formula Unit | Smallest unit of ionically bonded elements |
| Subscripts | Numbers in the formula that give the number of atoms of an element in a molecule |
| Coefficients | Number in front of a compound that gives the total number of molecules of that compound |
| Ion | A charged particle that forms when electrons are either lost (cation is formed) or gained (anion is formed) |
| Polyatomic Ion | A charged group of covalently bonded atoms |
| Nonpolar Covalent Bonds | Electrons between elements are always shared equally resulting in a balanced distribution of charge |
| Electronegativity | The ability of the nucleus of one element to attract electrons of another element in a compound to obtain a stable octet of electrons |
| Polar Covalent Bonds | Bonds are shared unequally resulting in an unbalanced distribution of charge |
| Dipole | An unbalanced distribution of charge that results in electron density differences in different parts of the compound |
| Oxidation Numbers | The real or apparent charge of an atom or ion when all bonds are assumed to be ionic so the octet rule can be applied |
| To determine a nonpolar bond | It is a diatomic element or it is a compound with only C and H. |
| To determine an ionic bond | It is a Group I or Group II metal bonded with a Group VI, Group VII, or a polyatomic ion. |
| To determine a polar covalent bond | It is not an ionic bond nor a nonpolar bond |
| Diatomic Element | One of the following elements whose atoms bond with another atom of the same element: hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, chlorine (HOFBrINCl) |
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