DH 131 UNIT 1 VOCABULARY
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90 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 abrasion of tooth | progressive loss of tooth structure by mechanical means other than mastication such as abrasive dentrifice or brushing habits. |
| abrasion of soft tissue | a spot rubbed bare of skin or mucous membrane |
| acute | rapid onset, short, severe course, and pronounced symptoms, the opposite of chronic |
| alveolar | pertaining to dental alveolus or to the bony processes of the maxillae or mandible that contain teeth |
| amalgam | an alloy containing a mixture of mercury and one or more other metals. |
| dental amalgam | an alloy of silver, tin, copper, zinc, and mercury used for dental restorations |
| anesthesia | loss of feeling or sensation |
| general anesthesia | depressed state of consciousness |
| local anesthesia | loss of sensitivity to pain in a circumscribed area, not accompanied by loss of consciousness |
| atrophy | a defect or failure of nutrition manifested as a wasting or gradual reduction in the size of a cell, tissue or organ. Usually applied to wasting that is secondary to some known cause. |
| attrition | gradual PHYSIOLOGICAL wearing away of tooth structure resulting from MASTICATION. |
| bridge aka | fixed partial |
| bruxism | grinding of teeth in other than chewing movements of the mandible, such as nocturnal grinding. |
| buccal | pertaining to the cheek or adjacent to the cheek |
| calcification | the process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by a deposit of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, and other elements within an organic matrix composed of desquamated epithelium, mucin, micro-organisms, and other debris. |
| carbohydrate | organic compound of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and includes starches, sugars, and cellulose formed by plants and used for growth and source of energy. |
| caries | (decay) Specifically a disease of the calcified structures of the teeth, characterized by decalcification of the mineral components and dissolution of the organic matrix. NO PLURAL FORM OF THE WORD |
| cariogenic | caries producing / conducive to caries |
| cementoenamel junction | the junction of the enamel of the crown and cementum of the root of the tooth |
| cementum | specialized and calcified CT that covers the anatomic root of the tooth |
| chronic | long or continued, the opposite of acute |
| anatomic crown | the portion of the tooth covered by enamel and delineated from the root by the cervical line. |
| complete crown | a restoration that reproduces the entire surface anatomy of the clinical crown and fits over a prepared tooth stump. |
| cuspid | AKA canine. One of 4 pointed teeth in man, situated one on each side of each jaw. Distal to the lateral incisor and forms the keystone of arch. |
| decalcification | process by which calcium salts and other inorganic substances are removed. |
| dentin | calcific tissue that forms the body of the tooth, underlying the enamel and cementum. |
| dentition | the kind, size, and arrangement of the teeth. |
| primary dentition- give AKA and def | AKA deciduous. the first teeth, usually shed and replaced by permanent teeth. |
| mixed dentition | combo of both primary and permanent teeth present in the oral cavity usually occurring when the 1st permanent molars erupt and extend until the last primary tooth is exfoliated. |
| permanent dentition | teeth which must function throughout adult life |
| suc-ced-aneous dentition | permanent teeth that erupt in positions of exfoliated primary teeth. |
| complete denture | an appliance that restores all of the natural teeth and their associated parts in a dental arch |
| fixed partial type of denture, AKA and def | AKA bridge a structure which restores one or more but fewer than all the natural teeth in a dental arch. It is held in position by permanent attachments to the adjacent teeth which furnish the support. |
| removable partial type of denture | an appliance which restores one or more but fewer than all the natural teeth in a dental arch. Depends on the oral mucosa for its support as well as the natural teeth for retention and secondary support. Can be moved readily by the patient. |
| diastema | a space or cleft in dentistry; a space between teeth |
| distal | away from the median sagittal plane of the face following the curvature of the dental arch. |
| edema | collections of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular spaces and causing swelling. |
| edent-ulous | without teeth |
| enamel | the outermost layer of covering of the coronal portion of the tooth that overlies and protects dentin. |
| endodontics | the branch of dentistry concerned with etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of disease of the dental pulp and their sequ-el-ae. |
| enzyme | an organic and often protein compound which can accelerate or produce by catalytic action some change in a specific substance. |
| erosion | progressive loss of tooth structure by a CHEMICAL process without the aid of bacteria which appears as a sharply defined wedge shaped depression in the cervical area of the facial surface. Area is smooth, hard, and polished. |
| eruption | the act of breaking out, appearing or becoming visible |
| ethics | the science of "right" conduct. a system of rules or principles governing the conduct of a professional group planned by them for the common good of man. The principles of morality. |
| etiology | the science or study of the cause of a disease. Or the science/study of that which is already known to cause the disease |
| fermentable | substance capable of undergoing chemical change as a result of the influence of an enzyme and usually applied to substances which breakdown to an acid or alcohol. Dental app- carbohydrate breakdown to from acid in the dental plaque. |
| fibrosis | the formation of fibrous CT |
| fistula | a narrow passage or duct leading from one cavity to another, such as from a periapical abscess to the oral cavity. |
| fluoridate | to add fluoride to a water supply. |
| gingiva | the mucous membrane that covers the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible and surrounds the necks of the teeth |
| halitosis | offensive or bad breath, may be related to systemic disease or uncleanliness of the oral cavity |
| hyperkeratosis | excessive formation of keratin on the superficial layers of the epithelium |
| hyperplasia | increase in size of the tissue or organ caused by increase in the NUMBER of cells in normal arrangement |
| hypertrophy | increase in the size of tissue or organ caused by increase in SIZE of its cells |
| incisal | the cutting edge of the anterior teeth, the incisors or cuspids |
| incisors | the anterior teeth, the upper and lower central and lateral incisors. The teeth performing the initial act of the masticatory cycle; that of incision of a food bolus. |
| inflammation | reaction of living tissue to trauma, characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. |
| inlay | a restoration of metal, filed porcelain, or plastic made to fit a tapered cavity preparation and fastened to or luted into it with a cementing medium. |
| keratinization | process of formation of horny protective layer on the surface of stratified squamous epithelium of certain body surfaces including the epidermis and masticatory oral mucosa. |
| keratin | a protein material formed as a transformation product of the cellular proteins of the flat cells on the surface of the epithelium; a form of protective adaptation to function. |
| labial | of or pertaining to a lip, or towards lip |
| lingual | next to or toward the tongue |
| malignant | as applied to tumors, rapidly growing, infiltrate into normal structures, metastasize, and if untreated invariably leads to death |
| mandible | the lower jawbone |
| mastication | series of highly coordinated functions involving the teeth, tongue, muscles of mastication, lips, cheeks, and saliva in preparation of food for swallowing and digestion |
| maxilla | irregularly shaped bone forming one-half of the upper jaw. Upper jaw is made up of two maxillae |
| mesial | situated in the middle, towards the middle line of the body or towards the center line of the dental arch |
| molar | one of 12 total in man, located distal to the second bicuspid on each side of each arch |
| mucin | secretion of the mucous or goblet cells, a polysaccharide protein which combined with water forms a lubricating solution called mucous, contained in saliva. |
| necrosis | cell or tissue death within the living body |
| occlusal | pertaining to the masticating surfaces of the posterior teeth. |
| occlusion | the act of closure or state of being closed |
| oral surgery | the dental specialty encompassing all the surgical diseases, injuries, and developmental abnormalities of the oral cavity, teeth, jaws, and adjacent structures. |
| orthodontics | the clinical science with the objectives of prevention and correction of dental and oral anomalies. Or, that branch of dentistry concerned with the etiology, diagnosis, and correction of malocclusion of the teeth and associated dento-facial disharmonies. |
| pedodontics | that branch of dentistry concerned with etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of children's teeth. |
| periodontium | the tissues which support, surround, and are attached to the teeth. Includes- alveolar bone, gingiva, PDL, cementum. |
| periodontology | the clinical science that deals with the periodontium in health and disease; or that branch of DENTISTRY concerned with etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the supporting structures of the teeth. |
| pocket | a gingival sulcus pathologically deepened by periodontal disease. |
| pontic | the suspended member of a fixed partial denture (bridge); it replaces the lost natural tooth, restores its functions, and usually occupies the space previously filled by the natural crown. |
| premolar AKA and definition | bicuspid. One of 8 in man. 4 in each jaw between the cuspids and 1st molars, USUALLY has 2 cusps, replaces the molars of deciduous dentition. |
| prophylaxis | the prevention of disease of the mouth and teeth. A procedure of removing extraneous materials from tooth surfaces by polishing and scaling techniques. |
| prosthodontics | that branch of dentistry concerned with replacing missing teeth or other oral tissues by artificial means. |
| pulp | the highly vascular CT contained within the pulp chambers and root canals of a tooth; made up of gelatinous ground substance, collagenous and argyrophilic fibers, cellular elements, terminal blood vessels, and nerves. |
| radiograph | (roentgenogram) the shadow image of radiopaque anatomic structures recorded upon film sensitized to roentgen rays. |
| radiology | the science of the study and use of radiant energy, including x-rays, radium, and radioactive isotopes, as applies to dentistry and medicine. |
| resorption | removal of bone or tooth structure by osteoclasts effected by pressure; gradual destruction of dentin and cementum of the root, as the primary teeth prior to shedding; in orthodontic tooth movement, bone formation on one side compensates for bone resorption on the other side |
| root | the part of the human tooth covered by cementum |
| space maintainer | a fixed or removable appliance used to replace missing primary teeth to prevent drifting of surrounding teeth until eruption of permanent teeth. |
| systemic | pertaining or affecting the whole body |
| virulent | capable of causing infection or disease |
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