1.
"God's handiwork": -Europeans took an interest in the world around them because they believed it to be God's handiwork
2.
"natural philosophers": -another name for medieval scientists
-preferred refined logical analysis to systematic observations of the natural world
-developed new views after changes/advances in 15th-16th centuries
3.
Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations: laissez-faire: ...
4.
alchemy and hermetic magic: -using mathematical magic, humans could understand and dominate the world of nature or use nature's powers to suit them
5.
American Philosophical Society: ...
6.
Andreas Vesalius: ...
7.
Aristotle: -influenced Ptolemy in his geocentric conception
-said that circular orbit was the most "perfect" type of orbit and that the planets were "perfect" heavenly bodies that were made of non-material, incorruptible quintessence
8.
Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews: ...
9.
Benedict de Spinoza's pantheism: ...
10.
Blaise Pascal's Pensees: ...
11.
Carnival: ...
12.
Cesare Beccaria: ...
13.
Condorcet and Baron d'Holbach: ...
14.
David Hume: ...
15.
Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: ...
16.
English Royal Society and French Royal Academy of Sciences: ...
17.
Fontanelle's Plurality of Words: ...
18.
Francois Quesnay: ...
19.
Franz Joseph Haydn: ...
20.
Galen: ...
21.
Galileo Galilei's The Starry Messenger: ...
22.
geocentric universe: -the belief that the earth was the center of the universe (incorrect)
-proposed by Ptolemy
23.
George Frederick Handel: ...
24.
gin and vodka (wtf??): ...
25.
heliocentric universe: -the belief that the sun is the center of the universe (correct)
- proposed by Copernicus
26.
Henry Fielding's History of Tom Jones, A Foundling: ...
27.
Immanuel Kent: ...
28.
Isaac Newton's Principia: ...
29.
Jacques-Louis David: ...
30.
James Cook's Travels: ...
31.
Johann Sebastian motherf****n BACH: ...
32.
Johannes Kepler: -1571 - 1630
-assistant to Brahe
-originally supposed to study to be a Lutheran minister, but met an astronomer (Michael Mastlin)
-interested in hermetic mathematical magic
-suggested that the universe was constructed on the basis of geometric figures
33.
John Locke's tabula rasa: ...
34.
John Wesley and Methodism: ...
35.
Joseph II's Toleration Patent: ...
36.
Margaret Cavendish: ...
37.
Maria Sibylla Merian: ...
38.
Maria Winkelmann: ...
39.
Marie-Therese de Geoffrin: ...
40.
Mary Astell: ...
41.
Neoclassicism: ...
42.
Nicolaus Copernicus: -1473 - 1543
-studied math and astronomy in Krakow, Poland\
-wrote On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres
-proposed the heliocentric theory hoping to offer a simpler explanation for the universe than the Ptolemaic view
43.
On the Fabric of the Human Body: ...
44.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood: ...
45.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres: -written by Copernicus between 1506 and 1530
-was not published immediately because Copernicus was afraid of ridicule
46.
Physiocrats: ...
47.
Pierre Bayle: ...
48.
pietism and the Moravian Brothers: ...
49.
Ptolemaic universe: -a universe in which the earth is at the center (motionless) and the sun and all the planets revolve around it in perfectly circular orbits
50.
Rene Descartes' Discourse on Method: "I think, therefore I am" - deductive method: ...
51.
Rococo: ...
52.
Samuel Richarson's Pamela: ...
53.
scientific method: Francis Bacon's inductive method: ...
54.
The Inquisition: ...
55.
three laws of planetary motion: ...
56.
Tycho Brahe: -1546 -1601
-on his private island, he built Uraniborg Castle, which had a library, multiple observatories, and more precise astrological instruments
-made accurate observations of the positions and movements of the stars and planets
-did not agree with Aristotle/Ptolemy, but did not believe that the earth moved
57.
universal law of gravitation: ...
58.
William Harvey: ...
59.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: ...