French/ Haitian Revolution
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Old Regime | The political and social system that existed in France before the revolution. |
| First Estate | Owned 10 percent of the land in France. Provided education and gave some money to the government. |
| Second Estate | Made up of rich nobles that paid almost no taxes. They hated ideas that took away their power or privileges. |
| Third Estate | Made up of 97 percent of the people and paid a substation amount in taxes. In this group, we find the poor, servants, and the working class. |
| King Louis XVI | King of France (1774-1792) |
| Marie Antoinette | Queen of France (1774-1793) as the wife of Louis XVI. She was tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal and executed. |
| Enlightenment | Philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to solve problems and better the community |
| Natural Rights | political theory that maintains that an individual enters into society with certain basic rights and that no government cannot deny them |
| John Locke | English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers |
| Social Contract | Agreement intended to explain the appropriate relationship between individuals and their governments |
| Division of Power | Divided the government into different branches to balance power. |
| Estates General | A legislative assembly of representatives from the estates of the nation. The legislative assembly in France before the Revolution. |
| National Assembly | A French congress established by the Third estate to decide on laws and reforms in the name of the French people |
| Tennis Court Oath | Pledge made by the National Assembly to never disband until they have set up a new constitution. |
| Storming the Bastille | French people raid the Bastille prison to get gun powder and arm themselves for the coming revolution. |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | Document stating that all men had equal rights of freedom, property and political position. (women not included) |
| Radicals | Member of the assembly that opposed monarchy and wanted complete change in the government. |
| Moderates | Members of the assembly that wanted change but not as much as the radicals. Sat in the middle of assembly. |
| Conservatives | Wealthy land owners and nobles who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe |
| Maximilien Robespierre | Skilled young lawyer and politician; best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. He had a major role in The Reign of Terror and took over the government |
| Reign of Terror | Period in which Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and executed thousands of political figures and citizens |
| Guillotine | Device used for carrying out executions by decapitation. |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution. Commanded the entire French army. |
| Coup d'état | sudden, extrajudicial overthrow of a government by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the current government with another body |
| Lycées | Government ran schools that provided education to the people in France. |
| Concordat w/ Catholic Church | Agreement between the Catholic church and the government in which Catholicism is the primary religion but cannot have any part in governmental affairs. |
| Napoleonic Code | A comprehensive and uniform system of laws introduced by Napoleon. This code removed any injustices in the law. |
| Congres of Vienna | A congregation of monarchs of all parts of Europe focused on what to do about Napoleon's rule and how to balance out power. |
| Saint Domingue | A French colony on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola from 1659 to 1804, when it became the independent nation of Haiti. |
| Grand Blancs | Wealthy whites that owned plantains (place to cultivate sugar) and had many slaves. |
| Petit Blancs | Lower class white people that were not rich and had normal jobs. Were only important because of their skin color. |
| Gens de Couleur | People of color that were free of slavery and often very wealthy; more than the grand blancs. |
| Maroons | Run-away slaves that resided in the deep mountains of Saint Domingue |
| Boukman Rebellion | Haitian priest who conducted a religious ceremony in Haiti in which a freedom covenant was affirmed. |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | The leader of the Haitian Revolution. First to govern the independent nation of Haiti. |
| Jean Jacques Dessalines | Was also a leader of the Haitian Revolution. Became the leader of the revolution after the betrayal and capture of Toussaint Louverture. |
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