patho chapter 33
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Created by:
superjambafan on October 7, 2011
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Amenorrhea | Absence or suppression of menstruation |
| Causes of Amenorrhea | a.) Hormonal disturbances b.) Stress c.) Neoplasms (ovarian, adrenal, or pituitary tumors) |
| Treatments for Amenorrhea | a.) Aimed at the underlying cause b.) Hormonal supplementation c.) Surgery (tumor removal) |
| Menopause | Cessation of menstrual bleeding due to failure of ovaries, usually after age of 50. |
| Symptoms of Menopause | a.) Hot flash b.) Vaginal dryness c.) Insomnia |
| Lab results for Menopause | a.) Decreased estrogen and progestron b.) Elevated FSH. |
| Menstrual Disorders - Hypothalamus | Anorexia nervosa Strenuous exercise Tumor |
| Menstrual Disorders - Pituitary | Prolactinoma, hyperprolactinemia |
| Menstrual Disorders - Thyroid | Hypothyroidism |
| Menstrual Disorders - Adrenal | Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
| Menstrual Disorders - Ovarian | Ovarian failure, polycystic ovary disease |
| Menstrual Disorders - Vaginal | Vaginal agenesis, transverse vaginal septum, imperforate hymen |
| Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Patterns - Metrorrhagia | Bleeding between menstrual periods |
| Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Patterns - Hypomenorrhea | Deficient amount of menstrual flow |
| Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Patterns - Menorrhagia | Increase in amount or duration of bleeding |
| causes of Metrorrhagia | Slight bleeding from endometrium during ovulation Uterine malignancy Endometrial polyps |
| causes of Hypomenorrhea | Endocrine or systemic disorders interfering with hormones Partial obstruction of menstrual flow |
| causes of Menorrhagia | Lesions of reproductive organs |
| Prolapse | (sinking) of the uterus from its normal position into the vagina |
| causes of uterine prolapse | Congenital defects Pregnancy Childbirth |
| Cystocele | Protrusion of a portion of the urinary bladder into a weakened part of the anterior vagina due to pelvic muscle weakness |
| Rectocele (Proctocele) | Protrusion of anterior rectal wall into a weakened area of posterior vagina |
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) | Any acute, subacute, recurrent, or chronic infection of the oviducts, ovaries, and adjacent reproductive organs |
| Cervicitis | involves the cervix |
| Endometritis | involves the uterus |
| Salpingitis | involves the oviducts |
| Oophoritis | involves the ovaries |
| Parametritis | when connective tissue underlying these structures is involved |
| Common organisms for PID | Neisseria gonorrhoeae Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Causes of PID | a.) Alteration of cervical mucus that prevents bacterial agents from ascending into the uterus b.) Pelvic surgery, insertion of intrauterine device, abortion procedures, infection during/after pregnancy |
| Signs and symptoms of PID | Abdominal tenderness Cervical/adnexa pain or tenderness on palpation Fever Elevated WBC count |
| Vulvovaginitis | Inflammation of the vulva and vagina |
| Candida albicans | most common cause for vulvovaginitis |
| other cause for vulvovaginitis | Trichomonas vaginalis Haemophilus vaginalis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Human papillomavirus (HPV) Herpesvirus type 2 |
| Uterine Leiomyomas | Most common uterine tumor affects Blacks 3 times more than whites |
| Uterine Leiomyomas - growth by | high estrogen and GH levels |
| Endometriosis | Presence of endometrial tissue outside the lining of the uterine cavity (ectopic endometrium). |
| Risk factor of endometriosis | nulliparous women >30-40 years of age |
| Signs and symptoms of endometriosis | Dysmenorrhea Pain in lower abdomen, vagina, posterior pelvis, back Pain begins 5-7 days before menses and lasts for 2-3 days Dyspareunia |
| Dyspareunia | painful intercourse |
| Hyperemesis Gravidarum | Excessive vomiting throughout entire pregnancy |
| Placenta Previa | When placenta is implanted abnormally over the internal cervical os |
| Abruptio Placentae | Premature separation of the placenta before delivery Occurs after 20 weeks' gestation |
| Causes of Abruptio Placentae | Trauma Short umbilical cord Abnormal uterine anatomy |
| Breast Cancer | Most common form of cancer in women ages 25-75 years Leading cause of death in U.S. women 40-44 years old |
| More common in white women | Breast Cancer |
| Lumpectomy | Removal of lesion only |
| Mastectomy | Removal of only the breast |
| Modified radical mastectomy | Removal of breast with portion of axillary lymphatic system dissected |
| Treatments for Breast Cancer | Surgery Radical mastectomy Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Supportive measures |
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