| Term | Definition |
| food chain | a diagram that shows the flow of energy from one organism to the next in an ecosystem |
| trophic level | refers to the place an organism has in the food chain |
| primary producers | plants that generate energy through photosynthesis |
| consumers | organisms that can not produce their own food and are dependent on primary producers for their food |
| Herbivores | primary consumers that eat plants only |
| carnivores | secondary consumers which eat herbivores or other carnivores |
| decomposer | organisms that obtain their nutrients by breaking down the wastes of other organisms and dead matter |
| food web | show the interconnection network of food chains within an ecosystem |
| energy pyramid | a model of the energy loss among the trophic levels in an ecosystem |
| second law of thermaodynamics | a law that states that no energy conversion is 100 percent effective or efficient |
| entrophy | randomness in energy efficiencies in trophic levels |