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crown exposed surface of the tooth above the gumline root the portion that fits into the alveolus (socket) in the bone dentine bone-like material that most of a tooth is composed of pulp innermost part of the tooth that is mass of neres and blood vessels enamel thin, mineralized, and hard layer covering the crown cementem bone-like covering of the root lingual side of the tooth closest to the tongue labial (buccal) sid of the tooth closest to the cheek occlusal surface surface that meets with a tooth to crush or shear food dentition complete set of teeth in both jaws dental arcade complete row or arch of teeth in each jaw quadrants division of one half of each dental arcade; because one side of the dental arcade is the mirror image of the other diphyodonty having two generations of teeth: first generation called milk teeth or deciduous teeth that are then replaced later in life by adult or permanent teeth components of deciduous teeth incisors, canines, and premolars components of permanent teeth incisors, canines, premolars, and molars (which do not have a deciduous generation) heterodont having different kinds of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) homodont having only one kind of teeth that are all similar in shape incisors anterior most teeth in the mouth; in the upper jaw they are rooted in the premaxillary bone; generally unicuspid; primarily used for nipping, but modified for specialized purposes in a number of mammals unicuspid having only a single cusp canines immediately posterior to the incisors and are the first teeth rooted in the maxillary of the upper jaw; generally used to capture, hold, and stab bunodont quadrate tooth with low rounded cusps http://o.quizlet.com/i/Q2OhZhgUR0ov19Q-mVYEdg.jpg hypsodont high crowned teeth that extend well above the gumline found in herbivores that have an abrasive diet http://o.quizlet.com/i/B3EAd53eXfS5d1xU_iP0Kg.jpg lophodont many herbivores have added hard enamel ridges running between cusps or have elongated cusps into lophs to provide better grinding surfaces http://o.quizlet.com/i/YPUE09yxPt1R9b2-FEnr2g.jpg selenodont cusps are elongated into half-moon shapes that are oriented longitudinally across the tooth http://o.quizlet.com/i/moMMnq4sGOYkZIz74kY3Zw.jpg loxodont lophodonty taken to the extreme so that teeth resemble washboards http://o.quizlet.com/i/QUlBWJDF6oJeN0hzVr0wQA.jpg loxodont lophodonty taken to the extreme so that teeth resemble washboards http://o.quizlet.com/i/zh9IXGgM27jPur82TgVjPw.jpg selenophodont no definition given http://o.quizlet.com/i/uVBnG9g1-E7Snr11YPyh-Q.jpg zalambdodont molars upper molar characterized by a V-shaped crest called an ectoloph that connects the paracone with cusps on the stylar shelf; typically lacks a protocone; the paracone is at the lingual apex of the V dilambdodont molar has a W-shaped surface which is formed by an ectoloph connecting the metacone and paracone with cusps on the stylar shelf; the protocone is visible near the lingual apex of the trigon euthemorphic/quadrate/quadritubercular molar a molar that is basically square in shape; on the upper molar, the square shape results from adding a hypocone to the posterior lingual side of the crown. on the lower molar the paraconid is usually lost