Histology - Cartilage and Bone
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Created by:
justindrerup23 on October 8, 2011
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chondrocyte | This cell lives in lacunae of cartilage. |
| Type II cartilage | Type of collagen found in cartilage |
| Keratin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate | The types of GAGs found in cartilage |
| Chondronectin | This cartilage protein mediates binding to collagen |
| Water | This substance gives cartilage its shock absorbing properties. |
| Territorial matrix | The area immediately surrounding the lacunae of a chondrocyte. Has a higher concentration of GAGs |
| False | True/False? Small capillaries deliver nutrients to the chondrocyte from the circulatory system. |
| Interterritorial matrix | Area between chondrocytes with relatively lower concentration of GAGs |
| Perichondrium | The dense CT covering the surface of cartilage, EXCEPT articular cartilage. |
| Fibroblasts and progenitor cells | What cell types make up the fibrous layer of perichondrium? |
| Type I and II collagen | What CT fibers make up fibrous perichondrium matrix? |
| True | T/F? There are many blood vessels in the fibrous layer of perichondrium. |
| Chondroblasts and progenitor cells | What cell types make up the chondrogenic layer of perichondrium? |
| Type II collagen | What CT fibers make up the chondrogenic layer of perichondrium? |
| Perichondrium | The purpose of this structure is to: -provide nutrition to associated tissue -provide area of attachment to tendon and ligament -Grows and repairs cartilage |
| Appositional growth | Growth in width of cartilage by adding additional layers of cells and matrix. |
| Chondroblast | This cell actively secretes cartilaginous matrix and becomes entrapped. |
| Chondrocyte | This cell is a former chondroblast entrapped in matrix. |
| Interstitial growth | Growth of cartilage from within. Chondrocytes undergo mitosis and daughter cells secrete more matrix. |
| Isogenous groups | A nest of chondrocytes derived from one progenitor cell. |
| Hyaline cartilage | Most common type of cartilage |
| Hyaline cartilage | This cartilage is found in: -articular cartilage -larynx, trachea, bronchi -cartilage precursor for bone |
| Type II collagen | Type of collagen found in hyaline cartilage |
| Keratin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate | GAGs found in hyaline cartilage |
| Chondronectin | This protein binds chondrocytes to cartilage |
| Keratin sulfate | This GAG increase the firmness of cartilage by binding water |
| Elastic cartilage | This cartilage resembles hyaline cartilage but contains a purple filament when stained with Verhoeff's |
| Elastic cartilage | This cartilage is found in: -auricle of ear -epiglottis -eustacian tube -auditory tube |
| Fibrillin and elastin | Elastic fibers are formed from... |
| Fibrocartilage | This cartilage is found in: -intervertebral disks -pubic symphisis -TMJ |
| Fibrocartilage | This cartilage looks like dense irregular CT except for presence of chondrocytes. |
| Type I and II collagen | Fibrocartilage contains what collagen fibers? |
| Bone | This tissue contains a calcified matrix mixed with secreted osteoid. |
| Diaphysis | The shaft of a long bone. |
| Metaphysis | Growth zone of a bone during development. |
| Epiphysis | ends of a long bone |
| Compact bone | Very dense bone that lines the edges and thickens in the middle. |
| Cancellous bone | This bone contains trebeculae (plates of osseous tissue + spicules) |
| Newly-formed bone | This type of bone is more cellular and has a random arrangement of fine collagen fibers |
| Mature bone | This type of bone has an organized lamellar arrangement of collagen fibers. |
| Bone sutures and sockets of teeth | These two features are not replaced with mature bone during development |
| Periosteum | Dense CT and osteoblast covering on the outer surface of bone. Has a fibrous and osteogenic layer. |
| Sharpey's fibers | Bundles of collagen that attach periostium to bone |
| Periosteum | The function of this structure is to: -mediate appositional growth of bone -bone repair -attachment site for ligament and tendons -sensation |
| Endosteum | The single layer of osteoblasts and osteoprogenitors covering the internal surface of bone |
| Osteoprogenitor | Flattened endosteum cell that is precursor to osteoblast |
| Osteoblast | A cuboidal cell that is part of the endosteum |
| Osteocyte | What lives in the lacunae of bone? |
| Canaliculi | Small channels that allow communication between lacunae as well as Haversian canals in bone |
| Hydroxyapatite | This crystal of calcium and phosphate forms the inorganic matrix of bone |
| Type I collagen and GAGs | What is present in the osteoid of bone? |
| True | T/F? Bones are highly vascularized. |
| False | T/F? Vascular systems in bone are established after matrix deposition. |
| Haversian system | This includes the concentric layers of bone and the containing canal |
| Haversian canal | Space that runs parallel to long bone and contains vasculature, loose CT, and nerves. |
| Concentric lamellae | The spiral organization of collagen |
| Volkmann's canal | This allows a Haversian canal to communicate with: -adjacent systems -periosteum -bone marrow cavity |
| True | T/F? Volkmann's canals are not surrounded by lemellae, they actually pass through. |
| Outer circumferential lamellae | The outer most ring of lamellae. |
| Interstitial lamellae | Incomplete lamellae located between systems. |
| Cement line | the outer line that separates Haversian systems. |
| Cancellous bone | This type of bone is located in: -central region of diaphysis -diploe of flat bones -spongiosa of alveolar process |
| Osteoblast | This cell type secretes alkaline phosphase in bone |
| Osteoclast | This cell type secretes acid phosphatase in bone |
| Howship's lacunae | The cavity created by osteoclasts in bone |
| Monocytes | Osteoclasts are derived from... |
| Silver stain | This stain is used to ID reticular fibers |
| Synovial joint | This type of joint allows for movement between the ends of two bones |
| Mesoderm | What is the germ origin of the cells that secrete lubricating synovial fluid |
| Non-synovial joint | A joint that is not freely moving. Connected by dense CT. |
| Osteoblast | What cell type place a major role in paracrine signaling of osteoclasts. |
| Cortisol | A glucocorticoid hormone that leads to osteoperosis (inhibited osteoblast activity) |
| Growth hormone | Secreted by pituitary gland and stimulates osteoblasts |
| PTH | This hormone stimulates both osteoblast and osteoclast. Released in response to low serum Ca levels. |
| T3/T4 | Released by thyroid and stimulates osteoblasts in response to increasing serum Ca levels |
| Estradiol | Stimulates osteoblasts and clasts and its absence leads to osteoperosis |
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