5 Written Questions

1. Severe narrowing of descending aorta, usually at the junction of the ductus arteriosus and the aortic arch, just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. Results in increased workload of LV
2. Stream of blood regurgitates back into LA during systole through incompetent mitral valve. In diastole, blood passes back into LV again along with new flow; results in LV dilation and hypertrophy
3. A Palpable vibration. It feels like the throat of a purring cat. Signifies turbulent blood flow and accompanies loud murmurs.
4. Depolarization of the ventricles
5. Calcified mitral valve will not open properly, impedes forward flow of blood into LV during diastole. Results in LA enlarged and LA pressure increased

5 Matching Questions

1. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
2. 1st Heart Sound (S1)
3. Tricuspid Stenosis
4. Afterload
5. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

1. a Abnormal opening in the atrial septum, resulting usually in left-to-right shunt and causing large increase in pulmonary blood flow
2. b Abnormal opening in the septum between the ventricles, usually in the subaortic area. The size and exact position vary considerably
3. c The opposing pressure the ventricle must generate to open the aortic valve against the higher aortic pressure. It's the resistance against which the ventricle must pump its blood
4. d Occurs with closure of the AV Valves and thus signals the beginning of systole. Loudest at the Apex of the Heart
5. e Calcification of tricuspid valve impedes forward flow into RV during diastole

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Calcification of aortic valve cusps restricts forward flow of blood during systole; LV hypertrophy develops
   1. Mitral Stenosis
   2. Aortic Stenosis
   3. Pulmonic Stenosis
   4. Tricuspid Stenosis
2. 1. Frequency (pitch)
   2. Intensity (loudness)
   3. Duration
   4. Timing
   1. All Heart Sounds are described by what?
   2. 4th Heart Sound (S4)
   3. 2nd Heart Sound (S2)
   4. 3rd Heart Sound (S3)
3. Occurs near term or when mother is lactating; it's due to increased blood flow through the internal mammary artery
   1. QRS Complex
   2. Mammary Souffle
   3. Afterload
   4. Heave (Lift)
4. Calcification of pulmonic valve restricts forward flow of blood
   1. Mitral Stenosis
   2. Pulmonic Stenosis
   3. Tricuspid Stenosis
   4. Aortic Stenosis
5. Occurs when the heart's own blood supply cannot keep up with metabolic demand.
   "Clenched Fist" is a key sign
   1. Thrill
   2. Bruit
   3. T Wave
   4. Angina

5 True/False Questions

1. Bruit → Blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence

   True        False

2. 3rd Heart Sound (S3) → Occurs with the closure of the SL valves and signals the end of systole. Loudest at the Base of the Heart

   True        False

3. T Wave → Depolarization of the atria

   True        False

4. 2nd Heart Sound (S2) → Occurs when the ventricles are resistant to filling during the early rapid filling phase. When the AV valves open and atrial blood 1st pours into the ventricles.

   True        False

5. Heave (Lift) → The venous return that builds during diastole. It's the length to which the ventricular muscle is stretched at the end of diastole just before contraction.

   True        False