Anatomy-CH 5 Clinical Terms
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 achondroplasia | a condition resulting from abnormal epiphyseal cartilage activity; the epiphyseal cartilages grow unusually slowly, and the individual develops short, stocky limbs. The trunk is normal in size, and sexual and mental development remain unaffected. |
| acromegaly | a condition caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty and closure of epiphyseal cartilage. Skeletal abnormalities develop, affecting the cartilages and various small bones, notably in the face, hands, and feet. |
| external callus | a toughened layer of connective tissue that encircles and stabilizes a bone at a fractured site. |
| fracture | a crack or break in a bone |
| fractured hematoma | a large blood clot that closes off the injured vessels and leaves a fibrous meshwork in the damaged area. |
| gigantism | a condition resulting from an overproduction of growth hormone before puberty. |
| hyperostosis | the excessive formation of bone tissue. |
| internal callus | a bridgework of trabecular bone that unites the broken ends of a bone on the narrow side of the fracture. |
| Marfan's syndrome | an inherited condition linked to defective production of a connective tissue glycoprotein. Extreme height and long, slender limbs are the most obvious physical indications of this disorder. |
| osteoclast-activating factor | a compound released by cancers of the bone marrow, breast, and other tissues. It produces severe osteoporosis. |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | an inherited condition affecting the organization of collagen fibers. Osteoblast function is impaired, growth is abnormal, and the bones are very fragile, leading to progressive skeletal deformation and repeated fractures. |
| osteomalacia | a softening of bone due to a decrease in the mineral content. |
| osteomyelitis | a painful infection in a bone, usually caused by bacteria. |
| osteopenia | a reduction in bone mass and density. |
| osteopetrosis | a condition caused by a decrease in osteoclast activity, causing increased bone mass and various skeletal deformities. |
| osteoporosis | a disease characterized by deodorization in the histological organization of bone tissue, leading to a reduction in bone mass to a degree that compromises normal function. |
| Paget's disease (osteitis deformans) | a condition characterized by gradual deformation of the skeleton. |
| pituitary growth failure | a type of dwarfism caused by inadequate growth hormone production. |
| rickets | a disorder that reduces the amount of calcium salts in the skeleton; often characterized by a "bowlegged" appearance. |
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