C-spine pathologies and positions

5 Written Questions

1. pathologies involving mid and lower spine C3 C7
2. What can be done if the pt has limited flexibility and cannot depress outside shoulder during a swimmer's lateral
3. When should a 10x12 IR be used?
4. the zygapophyseal joints are best demonstrated at what position
5. Herniated nucleus puposus (HNP) best demo at

5 Matching Questions

1. CR angle 20° cephalad
2. must use a 45° oblique and 15° cephalad angle
3. Obliques
4. kyphosis
5. Lateral projection

1. a AP axial techniques w/ patient prone if there is more lordotic curvature
2. b Osteoarthritis demo at
3. c abnormal or exaggerated convex curvature of the thoracic spine resulting in stooped posture and reduced height. MBCB compression fractures of the anterior edges of the vertebral bodies in osteoporotic pts, particularly postmenopausal women. MBCB poor posture, rickets or other diseases of the spine (Scheuermann's disease)
4. d cervical intervertebral foramina visualized only on what position
5. e Position preferred to reduce dosage to the thyroid gland

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which projections show the dens and C1 centered in the forament magnum
   1. Hangman's fracture
   2. RPO 15° cephalad angle if posterior
   3. AP Fuch's and PA Judd's methods
   4. AP open mouth
2. What SID should be used for obliques and lateral projections
   1. CT
   2. 60-72"
   3. Obliques
   4. 70-80
3. ostoeporosis may require a ? in factors.
   1. small
   2. CT
   3. Lordosis
   4. decrease
4. what is the projection if the entire cervical spine with the mandible blurred. The C1-C2 area will be lighter but still well visualized.
   1. AP axial
   2. Wagging jaw
   3. kyphosis
   4. 70-80
5. comminuted fracture - results of axial loading, like landing on one's head or abruptly on one's feet. Anterior and posterior arches of C1 are fractured as the skull slams onto the ring
   1. Jefferson fracture
   2. Odontoid fracture
   3. compression fracture
   4. Teardrop burst fracture

5 True/False Questions

1. ankylosing spondylitis → involves spine and larger jts. Predominantly in males 20-40 and results in pain and stiffness that result from inflammation of sacroiliac, intervertebral and costvertebral jts as well as paraspinal calcification, with ossification and ankylosis *union of bones) of the spinal jts.

   True        False

2. Dens AP/PA (Fuchs, Judd) → An ? projection will demo Odontoid fracture

   True        False

3. osteoporosis → abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine - in children b/w agest of 10-14, more common in girls. May require back brace. May complicate cardiac and resp. function. If it is in the lower vertebral column, it may create a tilting of the pelvis with a resultant effect on the lower limbs, producing a limp or uneven walk.

   True        False

4. AP "wagging jaw" → An ? projection will demo Odontoid fracture

   True        False

5. Hangman's fracture → Compression with hyperflexion in cervical region. The vertebral body is comminuted with triangular fragments avulsed from the anteroinferior border and fragments from the posterior vertebral body displaced into the spinal canal. Neurologic damage (quadriplegia) is a high probability

   True        False