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Homo sapiens the species including all existing races of human beings Hominids a family of primates that includes human beings Austalopithecines a group of extinct primates whose fossil remains have been found in various parts of the world, especially in southern and eastern Africa; early pre-humans Homo erectus an extinct species of prehistoric human beings of the Pleistocene period Neanderthal people prehistoric people who lived in caves in Europe, North Africa, and western and central Asia in the early Stone Age Cro-Magnon people group of prehistoric people who lived in southwestern Europe about 25,000 years ago. Considered of the same species as modern apes According to most geologists how old is the earth? 4.5 to 5 billion years old Where did the earliest life forms probably dwell? Water Which living things probably appeared first on earth? one-celled waterdwelling plants and animals What changes probably took place in the kinds of animals that live on earth? Had to become stronger to meet changing conditions on the earth What clues do bones and other remains give about appearance of australopithecines? Teeth, skulls, and footprints cause belief it had a low brow, long face, large jaw, and walked upright How did homo erectus differ from the australopithecines? It was larger and more like modern humans How did Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon people differ from earlier people? They were true humans