bio 101 practice exam2
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 function of mitochondria | cellular respiration |
| endospore forming | grows back |
| why do archaea survive in extreme environemnts | bc of unique cell membrane -- rigid lipid monolayer |
| golgi aparatus | stores modifies and packages proteins |
| gram positive | thicker layer in cell wall |
| phagocytosis | act of white blood cell engulfing a bacterium |
| endomembrane system | production and modification of biological molecules rough and smooth and golgi and envelope synthesis storage and export divides into compartments |
| only plant cells have a | cell wall |
| cytoskeleton is found in | both plant and animal |
| what does cytoskeleton do | helps w movement -- made of protein and supports shape |
| central vacuoles funcitons | grow by absorbing water store pigments to attract insects store food molecules and poisons |
| plasma membrane functions | form selective barrier signaml transduction receptors - chemical message self recognition |
| major type of lipid found in the cell membrane is | phospholipid |
| cholestoral does what | makes cell fluid at room temperature -- adds fermness |
| lysosomes | floating garbage disposal -- recycle -- digest worn out damaged -- fuse with food --destroy harmful bacteria |
| active transport | movement of a substance against its concentration -- ATP energy source |
| rough endo functions | production of more membrane and proteins to be secreted by the cell --- modifies proteins that will be shipped elsewhere |
| internal membranes in eykaryotic | increase cell membrane area provide additional area compartments contail protein |
| simpler to more complex order | molecule cell tissue organ organ system organism population community ecosystem |
| chloroplast function | PHOTOSYNTHESIS |
| mitochondria have their own | dna molecules |
| nucleolus function is | directs cellular activity and stores dna -- chromatin |
| cilia are different from flagella bc | cilia short flagella long |
| in the nucleus long fibers of dna and protein are called | chromatin |
| smooth endo retic | store calcium ions in muscle cells |
| atp is used bc | transfers energy from an energy yielding substance to energy requiring substance -- very easy think currency like $$$ |
| resolving power is | show 2 objects seperate |
| microfilaments | composed of actin |
| microtubulants | composed of tubulin |
| enzyme function depends on | 3 dimensional shape |
| is an enzyme specific | yes |
| can an enzyme emerge unchanged from reactions | yes |
| where do enzymes bind to substrates | at active site |
| are enzymes used up in chemical reactions | no |
| plant cells have | chloroplast cell wall and vacuole |
| animal cells have | centrioles |
| exotoxin | inactivated by heat |
| eukaryotc cells contain how many ribosomes | 80s |
| during cell reproduction chromatin coils up into structure called | chromosomes |
| when an enzyme catalyzes a recaction | lower activation energy -- they are not changed by reaction -- can be used again and again |
| domain bacteria | alll bacteria are prok and lack nucleus |
| all cells on earth | enclosed in a membrane and maintains internal conditions different from surroundings |
| the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain ___ from protein to protein | differs |
| ribosome function | protein synthesis |
| plasmidesmata | penetrate plant cell -- 1 type of junction -- carry chemical messages & nutrients btwn plant cells |
| bacteria cell walls contain unique substances called | peptidoglycan |
| adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondria ability to produce atp | cristae |
| advantage of small cell size | high surface volume |
| diffusion across a biological memrane requires and moves it ___ gradient | transport proteins --- down |
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