1.
active transport: movement of a substance against its concentration -- ATP energy source
2.
adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondria ability to produce atp: cristae
3.
advantage of small cell size: high surface volume
4.
all cells on earth: enclosed in a membrane and maintains internal conditions different from surroundings
5.
animal cells have: centrioles
6.
are enzymes used up in chemical reactions: no
7.
atp is used bc: transfers energy from an energy yielding substance to energy requiring substance -- very easy think currency like $$$
8.
bacteria cell walls contain unique substances called: peptidoglycan
9.
can an enzyme emerge unchanged from reactions: yes
10.
central vacuoles funcitons: grow by absorbing water
store pigments to attract insects
store food molecules and poisons
11.
chloroplast function: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
12.
cholestoral does what: makes cell fluid at room temperature -- adds fermness
13.
cilia are different from flagella bc: cilia short
flagella long
14.
cytoskeleton is found in: both plant and animal
15.
diffusion across a biological memrane requires and moves it ___ gradient: transport proteins --- down
16.
domain bacteria: alll bacteria are prok and lack nucleus
17.
during cell reproduction chromatin coils up into structure called: chromosomes
18.
endomembrane system: production and modification of biological molecules
rough and smooth and golgi and envelope
synthesis storage and export
divides into compartments
19.
endospore forming: grows back
20.
enzyme function depends on: 3 dimensional shape
21.
eukaryotc cells contain how many ribosomes: 80s
22.
exotoxin: inactivated by heat
23.
function of mitochondria: cellular respiration
24.
golgi aparatus: stores modifies and packages proteins
25.
gram positive: thicker layer in cell wall
26.
in the nucleus long fibers of dna and protein are called: chromatin
27.
internal membranes in eykaryotic: increase cell membrane area
provide additional area
compartments
contail protein
28.
is an enzyme specific: yes
29.
lysosomes: floating garbage disposal -- recycle -- digest worn out damaged -- fuse with food --destroy harmful bacteria
30.
major type of lipid found in the cell membrane is: phospholipid
31.
microfilaments: composed of actin
32.
microtubulants: composed of tubulin
33.
mitochondria have their own: dna molecules
34.
nucleolus function is: directs cellular activity and stores dna -- chromatin
35.
only plant cells have a: cell wall
36.
phagocytosis: act of white blood cell engulfing a bacterium
37.
plant cells have: chloroplast cell wall and vacuole
38.
plasma membrane functions: form selective barrier
signaml transduction
receptors - chemical message
self recognition
39.
plasmidesmata: penetrate plant cell -- 1 type of junction -- carry chemical messages & nutrients btwn plant cells
40.
resolving power is: show 2 objects seperate
41.
ribosome function: protein synthesis
42.
rough endo functions: production of more membrane and proteins to be secreted by the cell --- modifies proteins that will be shipped elsewhere
43.
simpler to more complex order: molecule cell tissue organ organ system organism population community ecosystem
44.
smooth endo retic: store calcium ions in muscle cells
45.
the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain ___ from protein to protein: differs
46.
what does cytoskeleton do: helps w movement -- made of protein and supports shape
47.
when an enzyme catalyzes a recaction: lower activation energy -- they are not changed by reaction -- can be used again and again
48.
where do enzymes bind to substrates: at active site
49.
why do archaea survive in extreme environemnts: bc of unique cell membrane -- rigid lipid monolayer
