| Term | Definition |
|---|
| specifically, where does the hindgut end in the adult | pectinate line in the anal canal |
| name the primordium responsible for the anterior 2/3 of the tounge | lateral lingual swellings |
| name the primordium responsible for the posterior 1/3 of the tounge | copula |
| branchial arch composition of the anterior 2/3 of the tounge | ventral mandibular arch |
| breifly describe an omphalocele. how does it occur | failure of the herniated primary intestinal loop to return to the gut. it is covered by the amnion inside the umbilical cord |
| name two derivatives of the cephalic limb of the primary intestinal loop | jejunum, most of ileum |
| describe the degrees and direction of rotation of the midgut while it is in the herniated position insid ethe umbilical cord only | 90 degrees counter clockwise |
| in detail how does a left-sided cecum develop | when only the first 90 degrees counterclockwise rotation happens the remaining 180 degrees counterclockwise rotation upon return to the gut never occurs |
| specifically how does a structure become secondarily retroperitoneal | when the mesentary fuses with the parietal peritoneum of the posterior (dorsal) abdominal wall |
| artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the hindgut | inferior mesenteric |
| list the embryonic components that collectively form the definitive arch of the aorta | the left, 4th aortic arch, the left dorsal arch, the aortic sac of the truncus arteriosus |
| explain why the right recurrent laryngeal n. loops under the right subclavian a. but the left loops under the arch of the aorta | this occurs because the distal 6th right aortic arch regresses allowing the right recurrent laryngeal n to loop under the 4th right aortic arch |
| name the tributaries to the external jugular vein do not include the ones that give rise to form the vessel | transverse cervical vein, anterior jugular vein, suprascapular vein |
| name the vessels with which the descending branch of the occipital artery anastomoses | vertebral, thyrocervical, costocervical |
| what is the function of the carotid body | monitors the o2 and co2 in the blood |
| what is the function of the carotid sinus | monitors the arterial blood pressure |
| specific structure that contains the superior petrosal sinus | anterolateral margins of tentorium cerebelli |
| term given to a vein that passes through the skull | emissary vein |
| vessel which passes through foramen lacerum | meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery |
| branch of maxillary artery that supplies teeth via the mandibular foramen | inferior alveolar |
| what branches of the external carotid arter supply the palatine tonsils | ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery |
| branch of maxillary artery which supplies the nasal septum and paranasal sinuses | sphenopalatine artery |
| besides the ileum being longer having peyers patches and narrower lumen compare the jejunum with the ileum. the jejunum is: | more vascular, thicker walled, has fewer and longer vasa recta, has more plica circularis |
| part of pylorus next to body of stomach | pyloric antrum |
| besides impressions for stomach and duodenum, give two other impressions on the visceral surface of the liver | impression for the right kidney, right adrenal gland |
| write the dental formula for human permanent teeth | I 2/2, C1/1, B 2/2, M 3/3 = 16 |
| define the specific boundaries of the 2nd part of doudenum also name any structures specifically associated with this part as mentioned | boundaries: superior duodenal flekure and inferior doudenal flexure. structures associated: hepatopancreatic ampulla, sphincter of oddi, major doudenal papilla may also have a minor pancreatic duct and a minor duodenal papilla |
| muscle that forms the arch posterior to palatine tonsil | palatopharyngeus |
| define retroperitoneal | a structure lying posterior to parietal peritoneum |
| define triangular ligament | the lateral recesses of the anterior and posterior coronary ligaments associated with the bare area of the liver |
| define omentum | mesentery extending from the stomach to another abdominal viscera |
| define epoploic foramen | an opening at the junction between the greater sac and lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity |
| give the action of the styloglossus | elevates and retracts the tounge |
| origin of the salpingopharyngeus | auditory tube |
| superior and inferior vertebral levels of the laryngopharynx | c3-c6 |
| immediate structure formed by union of the common bile and main pancreatic duct | hepatopancreatic ampulla |
| during deglutition, the area through which food is diverted by the epiglottis | piriform recesses |
| name the vessl to which the left gonadal is a direct tributary | left femoral |
| name the vessl to which the deep circumflex iliac is a direct tributary | external iliac v |
| name the vessl to which the cystic is a direct tributary | right hepatic portal v |
| name the vessl to which the superficial epigastric is a direct tributary | great saphenous |
| beginning with the aota, show 2 differnt routs by which a drop of blood could reach botht the head of the pancreas and duodenum | aorta, celiac a, common hepatic a, gastroduodenal a, superior pancreoduodenal a, pancreas and duodenum. aorta, superior mesenteric a, anterior & posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a, pancreas and duodenum |
| besides the marginal a, give 2 major anastomoses which would provide collateral flow in the event of a partial occlusion of the abdominal aorta | superior rectal a with the middle and inferior rectal arteries, superior epigastric a with the inferior epigastric a |
| assume a gradual and patial occlusion at the distal end of the aorta. list the anastomosis that would be used to provide collateral circulation | superior epigastric w/inferior epigastric, lumbar w/iliolumbar and deep circumflex iliac, superior rectal w/middle and inferior rectal |
| pelvic vessel that exits pelvis thought greater sciatic foramen | superioer gluteal artery |
| plevic vessel that enters the anterior sacral foramina | lateral sacral arteries |
| what is the fate of the umbilical arteries after birth | medial umbilical ligaments |
| name given to the horizontal fold of mucosa located under the tounge, it also has numerous small ducts opening along its surface | sublingual fold |
| the median sulcus of the tounge ends just anterior to the root of the tounge in a small depression termed the | foramen cecum |
| covers the root of a tooth and attaches it to the surrounding tissues of the alveolar socket, it resembles bone | cement |
| give the embryonic componenet that forms the left subclavian artery | left 7th intersegmental artery |
| give the embryonic componenet that forms the portion of the right subclavian immediately proximal to the vertebral artery | right dorsal artery |
| name the adult derivatives of the 2nd cleft | none |
| name the adult derivatives of the 2nd pouch | palatine tonsil and ?? fossa |
| name the adult derivatives of the ventral 3rd pouch | thymus gland |
| name the adult derivatives of the coplua (hypobranchial eminence) | post 1/3 of tounge |
| specifically, where does the hindgut end in the adult | pectinate line of anal canal |
| artery whose braches supply the derivatives of the hindgut | internal mesenteric |
| from what embryonic component does the parenchyma of the liver develop | gut endoderm |
| from what embryonic component does the connective tissue of the liver develop | mesoderm of septum transversum |
| anomaly formed when part of the vitelline duct persists at the apex of the primary intestinal loop | meckels diverticulum |
| name the vessels with which the descending part of the occipital artery has anastomoses | vertebral, thoracocervical, costocervical |
| names the branches of the cavernous part of the internal carotid artery | cavernous, meningeal, hypophyseal |
| name the adult derivatives of the dorsal 3rd pouch | inferior parathyroids |
| name the adult derivatives of the ventral 4th pouch | ultimobranchial body |
| disucss in detail the formation of a cervical sinus | mesoderm from 1st pouch grows over that of 2nd, 3rd, 4th. if it does not completely close off/fill in the space, a cervical sinus is developed |
| name the primordium responsible for the anterior 2/3 of the tounge | lateral lingual swellings |
| name the primordium responsible for the posterior 1/3 of the tounge | copula |
| name two derivatives of the caudal limb of the primary intestinal loop | last 2-3 feet of the ilium, cecum, ascending colon (proximal 2/3 trasverse colon) |
| name two derivatives of the cephalic limb of of primary intestinal loop | distal part of duodenum, jejunum |
| exactley where does the midgut end in the adult | at the junction of the right 2/3 and left 1/3 of the transverse colon |
| list the degrees and direction of rotation of the gut during its return to the abdominal cavity only | 180 counterclockwise |
| disucss the development of the falciform ligament and lesser omentum | they develop from the mesoderm of the septum transversum as the hepatic diverticulum pushes through. the lesser omentum is from the connection bewtween the liver and stomach, and the falciform ligament is between the liver and anterior abdominal wall |
| artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the midgut | superior mesenteric |
| list the embryonic components that collectively form the definitive arch of the aorta | left 4th arotic arch, left dorsal aorta, aortic sac of the truncus arteriosum |
| explain why the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the right subclavian but the left loops under the arch of the aorta | both nerves start under the 6th arch but the distal right arch regresses and the nerve slips up to under the 4th arch which becomes the proximal right subclavian a |
| branchial arch composition of the anterior 2/3 of the tounge | ventral mandibular 1st arch mesoderm |
| when and why does the midgut undergo physiological umbilical herniation | 6th week because rapid growth/development of cephalic limb, stomach is temporarily too small |
| what develops from the right 4th aortic arch | right proximal portion of the subclavian artery |
| what develops from the left 2nd aortic arch | regresses |
| where does the midgut end in the adult | R 2/3, L1/3 of transverse colon |
| artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the caudal foregut | celiac trunk |
| breifly, what happens to the endodermal epithelium of the esophagus and intestine in the sencond month of development | luminal obliteration followed by recavitation |
| list the embryonic components that collectively form the definitive arch of the aorta | aortic sac from TN, L 4th arch, L dorsal aorti |
| name two derivatives of the cephalic limb of the primary intestinal loop | jejunum, proximal 3-4 of ileum |
| name the adult derivatives of the 2nd cleft | none/regresses/cervical cyst |
| name the adult derivatives of the 2nd pouch | palatine tonsil |
| name the adult derivatives of the ventral 3rd pouch | thymus, distal 3rd pouch is inferior parathyroid |
| name the adult derivatives of the copula | posterior 1/3 of tounge |
| discuss the rotational movements of the stomach | 90 degrees counterclockwise on vertical axis, counterclockwise on AP axos |
| what happens to the distal left 6th arch | ductus arteriosus or ligamentum arteriosus |
| give the derivatives of the right 4th aortic arch | proximal part of the right subclavian |
| give the derivatives of the left 1st aortic arch | regresses |
| give the derivatives of the distal part of the right 6th aortic arch | regresses |
| give the derivatives of the left 4th aortic arch | arch of taorta betweeen left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery |
| give the derivatives of the 3rd aortic arch | common carotid artery and proximal 1/3 of internal carotid artery |
| give the embryonic component that forms the left subclavian | left 7th intersegmental artery |
| give the embryonic component that forms the portion of the right subclavina immediately poximal to the vertebral a | right dorsal artery |
| artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the hindgut | interner mesenteric |
| the ____ part of the internal carotid a passes in close association with ___ nerves. they may be affected by an aneurysm of the vessel | cavernous, III, IV, V, VI |
| vessel which passes throught foramen cecum | memningeal branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery |
| vein that is a tributary to both the external jugular and the common facial vein | retromandibular v |
| cranial nerve that crosses the lower lateral part of the cervical portion of the internal carotid artery | hypoglossal nerve |
| the right common carotid artery arises deep to the surface landmark | sternoclavicular junction |
| the superior sagital and transverse sinuses join at the confluence of sinuses. name two others that join here | straight sinus, occipital sinus |
| branch of the maxillay artery that supplies the roof of the mouth | greater palatine?? |
| specific artery that supplies the scalp above and behind the ear, mastoids, tympanic cavity, etc | posterior auricular |
| located in rectum and made of mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa | transverse rectal folds |
| describe medial and lateral boudaries of the quadrate lobe of the liver | medial-fissure for the ligamentum teres, lateral-fossa for the gallbladder |
| give the action of the styloglossus | elevate and retract tounge |
| give the origin of the inferior constrictor | laryngeal cartilages |
| give the origin of the salpingopharyngeus | auditory tube |
| give the innervation of the palatopharyngeus | pharyngeal plexus |
| give the innervation fo the salpingopharyngeus | glossopharyngeal |
| ligament into which the tail of the pancreas extends | splenorenal/lienorenal ligament |
| name 4 peritoneal ligaments (besides those of the omentum) and give their attachments | falciform ligament-liver to anterior abdominal wall, gastrolicual ligament--stomach to spleen, lienorenal ligament--spleen to area just anterior to anterior part of kidney, coronary ligaments--on either side of the bare areas of the liver to the inferior portion of the diaphragm |
| immediate structure formed by union of the common bile and main pancreatic ducts | hepatopancreatic ducts |
| portion of mucosa specifically around teeth | gingiva |
| define the omental bursa | lesser sac-a peritoneal cavity located mostly behind the stomach |
| define the triangular ligaments | formed by edges of anterior and posterior coronary ligaments |
| define the mesentery | double layer of peritoneum |
| assume a partial occlusion of one of the internal carotid a, name two different collateral arteries of importance | anterior communicating artery, opthalmic, posterior communicating |
| name the vessel of which the left gastroepiploic is a direct branch | splenic a |
| name the vessel of which the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a is a direct branch | superior mesenteric a |
| name the vessel of which the superior suprarenal a is a direct branch | inferior phrenic |
| name the vessel of which the left colic a is a direct branch | inferior mesenteric a |
| name the branches of the splenic a | pancreatic, short gastric, proper splenic, left gastroepoploic |
| assume a partial occlusion of the femoral v at the level of the inguinal ligament. give a collateral route of venous return to the heart | great saphenous, superficial epigastric, thoracoepigastric, lateral thoracic, axillary, subclavian, brachiocephalic, svc, heart |
| supplies pectineus, gracilis, adductors of hip and hip joiont, etc with arterial blood | obturator artery |
| pelvic vessel supplying psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles | lumbar branch of iliolumbar |
| pelvic vessel that exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis | superior gluteal artery |
| the median sulcus of the tounge ends just anterior to the root of the tounge in a small depression termed the ____ | foramen cecum |
| the ___ opens into the mouth via a small papilla near the 2nd upper molar | parotid duct |
| often a branch of the superior vesical artery | ? |
| pelvic vessel that exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis | inferior gluteal |
| pelvic vessel supplying psoas major and quadratus lumborum | lumbar branch of ileolumbar a |
| origin of genioglossus | mental spine of mandible |
| retracts and elevates the tounge | styloglossus |
| origin is horns of hyoid, insertion is posterior median raphe | middle constrictor |
| insertion of salpingopharyngeus | auditory tube |
| innervation of palatopharyngeus | CN IX, XI via X, arungeal plexus |
| innervation of palatoglossus | pharyngeal plexus |
| the head of the pancreas has what process? anteriorly, what immediately crosses the process | uncinate process, superior mesenteric a and v |
| define the limits of the clinical anal canal | pectinate line and anus |
| what specifically differentiates a portal from a normal system | shunting of blood from one capillary bed to a second capillary bed where a normal systen would only invovle one capillary bed (or final destination) |
| name the abdominal vessel which is tortuous | splenic a |
| name the abdominal vessel which arises from aorta at L3 level | inferior mesenteric a |
| name the abdominal vessel which arises from aorta about 1-2 inches below renal | gonadal a |
| name the abdominal vessel which supplies cecum, appendix, distal ileum, etc | ileocolic a |
| specific artery which supplies fundus of stomach | short gastric |
| collective term for vein formed by gastric veins | coronary vein |
| forms the anterosuperior border of carotid angle | stylohyoid m, posterior digastric |
| name the branches of the petrous part of the internal carotid | artery of pterygoid canal, caroticotympanic a |
| brach of maxillary a which supplies the molars and premolars of maxilla, gums, maxillary sinus | superior posterior alveolar |
| vessel which directly supplies floor of mouth | lingual a |
| specific structure which contains the superior petrosal sinus | anterolateral portion of tentorium cerebelli |
| specific structure which contains the occipital sinus | falx cerebri |
| branch of internal carotid which travels in the longitudinal cerebral fissure | anterior cerebral a |
| CN that crosses the lower lateral part of the cervical portion of the internal carotid a | hypoglossal n |
| tributaries to the external jugular vein | transverse cervical, suprascapular, anterior jugular |
| sinus that is a tributary to the straight sinus | transverse sinus |
| branch of the external carotid whish supplies the dura, tympanic cavity, palatine tonsil, longus capitus and colli, etc | ascending pharyngeal |
| never that travels with the external jugualr vein | great auricular n |
| covers the roof of a tooth and attches it to the suurounding tissues of the alveolar socket (resembles bone) | cement |
| duct that runs anteriorly to open into the floor of the mouth as a small caruncle just lateral to the lingual frenulum | submandibular duct |
| name in correct sequence (from front to back) the permanent teeth | central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, 1-2 bicuspid, 1-3 molar |
| pelvic vessel which enters the anterior sacral foramina | lateral sacral a |
| list two anastomoses that are of the portal-caval variety | paraumbilical area, middle and inferior rectal |
| name the vessel of which the right gastric a is a direct branch of | common hepatic |
| name the vessel of which the short gastric a is a direct branch of | splenic |
| name the vessel of which the middle colic a is a direct branch of | superior mesenteric |
| name the vessel of which the right gastroepiploic a is a direct branch of | gastroduodenal |
| besides the marginal a, give two anastomoses that would provide collateral circulation in the event of a partial occlusion of the abdominal aorta | sup. ep--inf. ep, lumbar--ileolumbar/deep cir iliac |
| what is the action of the longitudinal mm of the pharynx | elevate pharynx and larynx |
| what is the action of the circular mm of the pharynx | contraction of pharynx |
| define the specific boundaries of the 2nd part of the doudenum also name any structures associated with these parts | superior intestinal flexure, inferior intestinal flexure. contains the hepatopancreatic ampulla, hepatopancreatic papilla, and sphincter of odi? |
| structure which contains the superior petrosal sinus | anterolateral margins of tentorium cerebelli |
| third branch of the external carotid artery | lingual a |
| structure located directly in the bifurcation of the carotid a | carotid sinus (bifurcates at level of thyroid) (carotid body?) |
| forms an important anastomoses with the dorsal nasal branch of the opthalmic a | external carotid system |
| besides the carotid a, give the structures in the carotid sheath | internal jugular v, vagus n |
| vessel which passes through foramen lacerum | meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal a |
| to where does the retromandibular vein drain | into the external carotid and common facial n |
| structure that covers most of the surface of the root of the tounge | lingual tonsil |
| vetical fold of mucosa in median plane of mouth, extends between inferior surface of tounge and floor of mouth | lingual frenulum |
| the permanent ___ replace the deciduous molars | bicuspids |
| largest branch of the internal carotid. runs in the lateral cerebral fissure to supply certain lobes | middle cerebral |
| name the branches of the opthalmic a | central a of retina, lacrimal a, supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal, palpebral, ciliary aa |
| specific structure which contains the occipital sinus | falx cerebri |
| besides the sigmoid sinus, name two tributaries of the internal jugular v that do not have the exact same name as branches of the external carotid | great cerebral v, straight sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, middle thyroid v |
| directly recieves the drainage of the superior sagital sinus | confluence of sinuses |
| give the adult derivative of the distal umbilical aa | medial umbilical ligaments |
| give the adult derivative of the umbilical v | ligamentum teres hepatis |
| list two areas where the esophagus is constricted | arch of aorta, cricoid cartilage |
| give the upper and lower boundaries of the laryngopharynx | upper-c3, lower-c6 |
| define epiploic foramen | opening between greater sac and lesser sac of peritoneal cavity |
| how does one anatomically separate the pylorus from the body of stomach | a vertical line through the angular notch/incisure |
| name the branches of the splenic a | pancreatic a, proper splenic a, superior gastroepiploic a, short gastric a |
| vertebral level of superior mesenteric a | L1 |
| name the arteries which supply the urinary bladder | inferior gluteal, superior middle and inferior vesicles |
| vessel that supplies the levator ani, prirformis, coccygeus, gluteus max, etc | internal pudendal a |
| these permanent teeth only replace the deciduous molars | bicuspids |
| vertical fold of mucosa in median plane of mouth extending between lips and gums | labia frenulum |
| name given to the center of the tooth it contains blood vessel nerves, etc | pulp (pulp cavity) |
| where is the carotid tubercle | anterior tubercle of transverse process of c6 or c5 ???? |
| list two different arteries located on and supplying the medial forehead | supraorbital, supratrochlear |
| dilation at proximal beginning of internal carotid artery | carotid sinus |
| what branches of the external carotid supply the palatine tonsils | ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial ?? |
| assume a partial occlusion of the right common carotid. besides the circle of willis, give a major collateral route by which blood would travel to reach an area distal to the occlusion. begin with common carotid and end with maxillary | cca-subclavian-vertebral-occipital-external carotid-maxillary |
| third branch of the external carotid | lingual |
| branch of maxillary artery which passes through foramen spinosum | middle meningeal |
| name the branches of the opthalmic a | lacrimal, dorsal nasal, central artery of retina, palpbral, supraorbital, supratrochlear ??? |
| forms the anteroinferior border of the carotid triangle | superior belly of omohyoid |
| name given to the fetal shunt through the liver | ductus venosus |
| pelvic vessel supplying psoas major and quadratus lumborum | lumbar branch of iliolumbar |
| artery of which the inferior vesicle is a branch | internal iliac |
| vasa recta of the jejunum when compared with the ileum are shorter or longer? more numerus or less? | longer, less |
| specific structure which help hold the doudenal flexure in place | ligament treitz |
| during deglutition, area through which food is diverted by the epilglottis | piriform recess |
| action of genioglossus | protracts and retracts tounge |
| innervation of palatoglossus | pharyngeal plexus (11 via 10) |
| origin of chrondoglossus | hyoid and triticae cartilage |
| insertion of palatopharyngeus | thyroid cartilage |
| muscle that originates on the auditory tube and inserts on palatopharyngeus | salpingopharyngeus |
| origin of middle constrictor | horns of the hyoid |
| muscle that forms the arch posterior to paltine tonsil | palatopharyngeus |
| define omental bursa | located posterior to stomach |
| define triangular ligament | where coronary ligaments meet |
| part of pylorus next to body of stomach | pyloric antrum |
| how does one antomically separate the pylorus from the body of stomach | a vertical line through the angular notch/incisure |
| besides an impression for the gallbalder, list 4 other impressions of the visceral surface of the liver | stomach, kidney/renal, duodenum, right colic, adrenal gland, IVC |
| what specifically differentiates a portal from a normal system | presence of a second capillary bed |
| assume a partial occlusion of the femoral vein at the level of the inguinal ligament. give a collateral route of venous return to the heart | femoral vein-great saphenous-superficial epogastric-thoracoepigastric-lateral thoracic-heart |
| collective name for the vein formed by right and left gastric veins | coronary |
| name the vessel to which the upper ascending lumbar v is a direct tributary | hemiazygous |
| name the vessel to which the portal v is a direct tributary | hepatic portal |
| name the vessel to which the left superior epigastric v is a direct tributary | internal thoracic |
| name the vessel to which the thoracoepigastric is a direct tributary | lateral thoracic |
| name the branches of the splenic a | pancreatic, short gastrics, left gastroepiploic, proper splenic |
| name the artery of which the superior suprarenal a is a direct branch | inferior phrenic |
| name the artery of which the left colic a is a direct branch | inferior mesenteric |
| name given to the mucosa around the teeth | gingiva |
| name given to the horizontal fold of mucosa under the tounge | ? |
| beginning with the central incisor, name in correct sequence the remaining permanent teeth | lateral incisor, canine, 1st-2nd bicuspids, 1st-3rd molars |
| branch of internal carotid artery which travels in the longitudinal cerebral fissure, supplies most medial surfaces of brain | anterior cerebral a |
| from lecture, the internal carotid artery supplies ____ % of the _____ | 80-90, cerebral hemisphere |
| branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the teeth via mandibular foramen | inferior alveolar a |
| largest branch of the internal carotid a, runs int he lateral cerebral fissure to supply certain lobes | middle cerebral a |
| third branch of the external carotid a | lingual a |
| name the branches of the petrous part of the internal carotid a | caroticotympanic, artery of pterygoid canal |
| branch of the maxillary artery that suppplies molars and premolars of maxila, gums, and maxillary sinus | posterior superior alveolar |
| name the tributaries to the external jugular v (dont include those that give rise to the vessel) | transverse cervical, suprascapular, anterior jugular |
| the ___ part of the internal carotid arteyr passes in close association to the ___ nerves. they may be affected by an anuerysm of this vessel | cavernous, CN 3,4,5,6 |
| name the arteries which supply the urinary bladder | ? |
| different named artery with which the obturator artery has an anastomosis for collateral circulation | medial femoral circumflex |
| pelvic vessel that supplies iliacus, quadratus lumborum and psoas major | iliac branch of iliolumbar a |
| describe the difference between anatomical and physiological sphincter | anatomical has many layers of smooth muscle, physiological has one |
| define omental bursa | lesser sac |
| the head of the pancreas has what process? anteriorly, what crosses this process? | uncinate, superior mesenteric artery and v? |
| vertebral level of superior mesenteric artery | L1 (inferior portion) |
| name the vessel the which the left gonadal v is a direct tributary | left renal v |
| name the vessel of which the deep circumflex iliac is a direct tributary | external iliac v |
| name the vessel of which the cystic v is a direct tributary | R hepatic portal v (?) |
| name the vessel of which the superficial epigastric v is a direct tributary | great saphenous v |
| name the abdominal vessel which is tortuous | splenic a |
| name the abdominal vessel which arises from aorta at L3 level (not lumbar) | inferior mesenteric |
| name the abdominal vessel which arises from aorta about 1-2 inches below renal (not lumbar) | gonadal a |
| name the abdominal vessel which supplies appendix, cecum, distal ileum, etc | ileocolic a |
| name the areas of portal caval anatomosis | paraumbilical, esophageal plexus, superior rectal w/inferior and middle rectal, ?? |
| duct that runs anteriorly to open into the floor of the mouth as a small caruncle just lateral to the lingual frenulum | submandibular |
| covers the root of the tooth and attaches it to surrounding tissue of the alveolar socket (resembles bone) | cement |
| name in correct sequence from front to back the deciduous teeth | central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, 1st molar, 2nd molar |
| often a branch of the superior vesicular artery | deferential |
| define the limits of the clinical anal canal | pectinate line to anus |
| immediate structure formed by the union of the common bile and main pancreatic ducts | hepatopancreatic ampulla |
| give the specific upper and lower boundaries of the sigmoid colon | upper-pelvic brim, lower-s3 |
| list two areas where the esophagus is constricted | cricoid cartilage and arch of aorta |
| besides the ileum being longer, having peyers patches, and narrower lumen, list 4 structural differences the ileum has compared to the jejunum | more vascularized, thicker walls, more villiv, more plica circularis |
| define omentum | mesentery connecting stomach to another abdominal viscus |
| what are the superior and inferior vertebral levels of the laryngopharynx | sup-c3, inf-c6 |
| specific artery which supplies fundus of stomach | short gastric a |
| type of roots usually present on mandibular molars | bifurcating |
| openings through which blood vessels and nerves enter the pulp cavity of a tooth | apical foramen |
| tonsil located on the surface of the root of the tounge | lingual |
| largest branch of the internal carotid a | anterior cerebral |
| vein that is a tributary to both the external jugular and the common facial veins | retromandibular |
| vessel which directly supplies the floor of the mouth and tounge | lingual a |
| name a fetal vessel which carries highly oxygenated blood and closes at birth. what does it form in the adult? | umbilical v, medial umbilical ligament and umbilical artery |
| level at which the common carotid bifurcates into external and internal | c3/c4 |
| cranial nerve that crosses the lower lateral part of the cervical portion of the internal carotid a | hypoglossal |
| froms posterior border of the carotid triangle | sternocleidomastoid |
| besides tonsilar, name 4 branches of the facial a | submental a, inferior labial a, superior labial a, angular branch |
| specific structure which contains the transverse sinus | anterolateral portion of tentarium cerebelli |
| name the tributaries to the straight sinus | great vein of galen, inferior sagittal sinus |
| describe the course of an emissary v. why are they important | run through foramina and openings in skull, forming anastomosis between dural venous sinus and veins of scalp. they can carry infections from the scalp to the dural venous sinus |
| name given tot he vessels which runs vetween the outer and inner layers of the flat bones of the skull | diploic vv |
| branch of the maxillary that supplies teeth via mandibular foramen | inferior alveolar |
| branch of maxillary that supplies nasal septum and paranasal sinuses | sphenopalatine a |
| inferior border of posterior cervical triangle | clavicle |
| forms an important anastomsis with dorsal nasal branch of the opthalmic a | angular branch of facial artery |
| besides the transverse sinus, a sinus that is a tributary to the sigmoid sinus | superior petrosal sinus |
| name the four sinuses that connect to the confluence of sinuses | superior sagittal, transverse, occipital, straight |
| the petrous part of the ICA is separated from what two specific structurs by a thin peice of bone | cochlea of inner ear, trigeminal ganglion |
| give two structures derived from caudal limb of the primary intestinal loop | ascending colon, cecum |
| discuss in detail the development of an internal branchial fistula | abnormal regression of tissue between 2nd arch and 2nd pouch |
| name the adult derivatives of the dorsal third pouch | inferior parathyroid |
| name the adult derivatives of the first pouch | tubotympanic recess: tympanic cavity (distal part) and auditory tube (proximal part) |
| the branchiocephalic a specifically develops from what embryonic component | aortic sac of truncus arteriosus |
| on the visceral surface of the liver, what specific structures separate the right and left lobes? do not say falciform. remember quadrate and caudate lobes are part of the right lobe | ligamentum teres hepatis, ligamentum venosum |
| how does one anatomically separate the pylorus from the body of the stomach | vertical line throught angular incisure |
| how could an abdominal organ be covered by both a serosa (peritoneum) and an adventitia (CT)? | the liver is covered by peritoneum except for the bare area where it comes into contact with the central tendon of the diaphragm (???) |
| what happens to the internal iliac at the upper border of the piriformis? do not name a specific vessel | it divides into two trunks (posterior and anterior) |
| name the arteries to pelvis not arising from the internal iliac | middle sacral and superior rectal |
| the right common carotid arises deep to this surface landmark | sternoclavicular junction |
| branch of the external carotid which supplies the dura, tympanic cavity, palatine tonsil, longus capitus and colli, etc | ascending pharyngeal a |
| structure that covers most of the surface of the root of the tounge | lingual tonsil |
| the permanent ___ replace the deciduous molars | bicuspids |
| what is the earliest branchial arch composition of the posterior 1/3 of the tounge? | hypobranchial eminence |
Combine with other sets
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