Lifespan Psychology Exam1
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125 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Trust vs. Mistrust | Birth to age 1 (infancy) Hope vs. withdrawl |
| Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt | 1-3 Will vs. Compulsion |
| Initiative vs. Guilt | 3-6 Purpose vs. Inhibition |
| Industry vs. Inferiority | 6-puberty Competence vs. Interia |
| Identity vs. Confusion | Adolescence Fidelity vs. Repudiation |
| Intamicy vs. Isolation | Young adult Love vs. Exclusivity |
| Generativity vs. Stagnation | Middle adult Care vs. Rejectivity |
| Integrity vs. Despair | Late adult Wisdom vs. Distain |
| Psychosocial approach | culture affects development |
| Gene | discrete DNA region that produces a single, identifiable protein |
| SNP (Single Neucliotide Polymorphisms) | single letter variations in neucliotides |
| CNV (Copy Number Variations) | veucliotide prepeated or deleted |
| Halotype | 3+ single letter variations in neucliotides; sequence of SNP's |
| Sex-limited genes | autosomal genes activated depending on if you are male or female |
| Allele | alternative form of genes |
| Recessive | shows when with recessive when is on x chromosome but not on y when dominant gene is shut off |
| Polygenetic influence | phenotype affected by many genes |
| Penetrance | degree to which gene expresses code |
| methylation | methyl groups attach to DNA and dampen activity |
| imprinting | whether DNA comes from mother or father affects if a gene is shown |
| epigenetic influence | how genes interact given environment (how nature and nurture work together) |
| heteropaternity | different fathers |
| semi-identical twins | egg splits before sperm enter and two sperm enter 2 identical eggs |
| superfecundation | woman gets pregnant and gets pregnant again one month later |
| 90,000 | times bigger egg is than sperm |
| 250,000 | number of immature eggs a woman is born with |
| menarche | start menstration |
| 400-480 | number of cycles for average woman to concieve |
| 40 | number of years a woman can reproduce/concieve a child |
| 24 | number of hours before egg starts to break down |
| 500 billion | amount of sperm man produces in life |
| 20-25% | percent of sperm die right away- high quantity, low quality |
| 20-25% | percent of sperm poor quality that won't reproduce |
| 280 million | amount of sperm per ejaculation |
| 24 hrs | lifespan of x sperm after ejaculation |
| 48 hrs | lifespan of y sperm after ejaculation |
| 10% | percent of sperm get into uterus |
| 100 | number of sperm reach top of uterus |
| 50 | number of sperm reach fallopian tube with egg in it |
| 12 | number of sperm get to egg |
| periovulatory | change of having conception if trying to have sex around ovulation- 25% |
| infertility | can't or difficult to concieve |
| subfecunditity | difficulty carring a baby to term |
| miscarriage | spontaneous abortion; loss of pregnancy in first 20 gestational weeks |
| stillbirth | loss of pregnancy after 20 weeks |
| hCG | hormone only produce when pregnant- if drops off will miscarry |
| tubular pregnancy | pregnancy in fallopian tubes |
| blighted child | support structures grow, but embryo doen't grow |
| complete molar pregnancy | support structure develops and tissues grow but it's not a human |
| vanishing twin syndrome | one twin develops and other doesn't- can grow inside other one |
| preeclampsia | high blood pressure while pregnant |
| elcampsia | lose child due to high blood pressure |
| IVF (Invitro Fertilization) | put sperm and eggs together outside body in petri dish and then put zygote in uterus |
| ZIFT (Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer) | same as IVF but zygote is put in the fallopian tube |
| IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) | put sperm in uterus |
| GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer) | put gamete inside fallopian tube on the outside of the cut |
| ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) | put sperm inside oclosed egg and put it back in |
| genetic engineering | altering DNA |
| blastula | hollow ball of cells |
| blastocyst | inner part of hallow ball that forms the child- 2 cell layers thick |
| trophoblast | outer part of hallow ball that forms the support structures |
| progesterone | hormone that maintains pregnancy |
| morphogenesis | beginning of different shapes and forms during the embryonic period |
| ectoderm | outer side of outer layer of cells that makes up the skin, hair, nails, and nervous system |
| mesoderm | inner side of outer layer that forms the muscles, bones, reproductive, and circulatory systems |
| endoderm | inner layer of cells respiratory and digestive systems, and forms all other internal organs |
| organogenesis | beginning of internal organs; development of human |
| cephalocaudal | developmment from top to bottom |
| proximodistal | development from inside out |
| age of viability | when child can survive outside womb on own |
| lunago | fine hair that covers a child |
| vernix | oily covering on a child that keeps the skin soft and supple |
| quickening | when woman can feel child moving |
| teratogens | agents that can harm prenatal developmet |
| parity | older children have more developmental problems |
| lightening | baby turns head down in womb 2 weeks before birth |
| labor | involuntary uterine contractions |
| effacement; dialation | cervix thins; opening of cervix |
| transition | baby's head is passing through cervix into birth canal |
| crowning | baby passes through uterus |
| Apgar scale | quiz that tests heart and respiratory rate, reflexes, skin color, and muscle tone to asses the child's health shortly after birth |
| preterm | born more than 2 or 3 weeks before the due date |
| precipitate | going through second stage of birth too fast- can cause hemorageing |
| postmature | baby born more than 2 weeks after due date |
| anoxia | lack of oxygen to baby |
| breech | born foot first |
| transverse | born butt first |
| post-pardom psychosis | break with reality that often involves hearing voices or hallucinations |
| saline | abortion chemical puts salt into uterus to start contractions |
| RU486 | mifespristone: drug that blocks progesterone and therefore ends the ability to give birth |
| suction-aspiration | vaccuum inserted and child sucked out |
| dialation and curettage | woman dialated and child cut from uterus |
| dialation and evacuation | woman dialated and pliers used to snap spine and pull child out |
| partial birth | child pulled out feet first, suck brains out to collapse head and child pulled out |
| hysterotomy | like c-section but put child aside and attend to mother so child dies of inattention |
| Babkin reflex | touch palms of baby when on back, causes eyes to close, mouth to open, and head to come forward |
| Moro reflex | startle reflex where baby's arms and legs go out if dropped or loud noise sounded |
| tonic neck | turn baby's head and put one arm in fist and other out |
| Babinski reflex | run hand on sole of foot and toes fan out |
| Landau reflex | run finger on back and baby will curl in that direction |
| Rooting reflex | touch cheek of child and will turn head toward touch and suck |
| Patellar reflex | knee-jerk reaction |
| withdrawl | move away from painful stimulus |
| optical blink | light in eye so blink |
| prolactin | breast feeding hormone that stimulates milk production |
| oxytocin | breast feeding hormone involved with uterine contraction, moves milk to nipple |
| colostrum | substance that feeds child that is high in protein and steroids and substances that fight infection |
| choline | precurrsor to Ach that is the main transmitter in hippocampus |
| polycyclic | babies have many cycles of sleep and awake |
| diurnal | slow transition to 2 sleep periods |
| sensation | detection of simulation |
| perception | making sense out of sensation; what the brain does with the senses |
| vestibular sense | sense located near ears that deals with balance and motion |
| kinesthesia | sense that dells with body movement |
| cellular clock theory | cells can divide a certain amount of times before stop |
| telomeres | endcaps on chromosomes that shorten with age |
| genetic designs | genetic influences on life expectancy |
| neuro-endocrine theory | theory that there is a decrease in hormones as a person ages |
| wear and tear theory | difficulty of environment correlates with life expectancy |
| error theories | mutations occur during transcription and its the accumulation of these mutations that affect life expectancy |
| presbyopia | farsightedness that occurs with age so cannot see up close by mid-40's |
| cataracts | yellowing of lens as you age so you cannot see cold colors as well |
| glaucoma | build up of pressure/ fluid in eyes that damages retina and optic nerve if not caught early |
| presbycusis | hearing loss as a result of aging so cannot hear high pitches |
| climateric | males ablility to reproduce decreases but doesn't end |
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