| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Active Transport | The transport of a substance across the cell membrane against its concentration gradient |
| Concentration Gradient | the gradient to which molecules move down (high to low) during diffusion., the path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists |
| Sodium Potassium Pump | A carrier protein that transports 3 sodium ions, Na+, out of a cell and two potassium ions, K+), into the cell using ATP |
| Endocytosis | The movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle |
| Exocytosis | The movement of a substance by a vesicle to the outside of a cell |
| Receptor Protein | A protein that binds to a specific signal molecule, enabling the cell to respond to the signal molecule |
| Second Messenger | Acts as a signal molecule in the cytoplasm |
| Signal Molecule | a molecule that activates an activator protein or represses a repressor protein |
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