bio1 honers ch 7 miller and levine
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cells | The basic unit of all living things |
| cell theory | -all living things are made up of cells -cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are produced from existing cells |
| cell membrane | a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell |
| nucleus | a large membrane enclosed structure that contains genetic material in form of DNA |
| eukaryote | cells that enclose DNA in nuclei |
| prokaryotes | cells that do not enclose DNA in nuclei |
| cytoplasm | the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus |
| organelles | small structures in the cytoplasm that do special jobs |
| vacuoles | saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| centrioles | Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division |
| ribosomes | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein |
| endoplasmic reticulum | an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed |
| golgi apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| chloroplast | biological equivalents of solar power plants |
| mitochondria | power plants of cell |
| cell wall | strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| lipid bilayer | gives cell membrane a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings |
| selectively permeable | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot. |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| aquaporins | a transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane |
| osmosis | diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal |
| isotonic | (used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic pressure |
| hypertonic | (of a solution) having a higher osmotic pressure than a comparison solution |
| hypotonic | (of a solution) having a lower osmotic pressure than a comparison solution |
| osmotic pressure | the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis |
| homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment |
| tissue | a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function |
| organ | groups of tissues that work together |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to preform a specific function |
| receptor | signaling molecule can bind |
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