1.
Amnesia: The loss of memory
2.
Anterograde Amnesia: Trouble learning new information
Dementia, Alzheimer's, alcohol related, vascular: Gradual decline in anterograde memory
3.
Automatic Processing: Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information, such as word meanings
4.
Chunking: Organizing items into familiar, manageable units, often occurs automatically
5.
Echoic Memory: A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
If attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
6.
Effortful processing: Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
7.
Encoding: Getting information into the brain
8.
Encoding Failure: We do not remember what we never encode
9.
Explicit Memory: Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" (declarative memory)
Hippocampus
10.
Flashbulb Memory: A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
11.
Forming Memory: Three Stages: Sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory
12.
Hierarchies: A few broad concepts divided into narrower concepts and facts
13.
Hippocampus: A neural center that is located in the limbic system
Helps process explicit memories for storage
14.
Iconic Memory: A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
15.
Implicit Memory: Retention independent or conscious recollection (also called non declarative memory)
Cerebellum
16.
Information Processing: Encoding, storage, retrieval
17.
Korsakoff's: Severe dementia
Caused by lack of nutrition to brain (vitamin B1)
Anterograde and severe retrograde amnesia
18.
Lesion: Abrupt loss of Anterograde memory
19.
Long Term Memory: The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
20.
Long Term Memory: Essentially unlimited capacity store
21.
Long Term Potential: (LTP) an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation
Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
22.
Misinformation effect: After exposure to subtle misinformation, many people misremember
23.
Priming: The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
24.
Proactive Interference: The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
25.
Recall: A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill in the blank test
26.
Recognition: A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test
27.
Rehearsal: The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
28.
Relearning: A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
29.
Retrieval: Later getting that information out
30.
Retrieval Failure: Although the information is retained in the memory store, it cannot be accessed
31.
Retroactive Interference: The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
32.
Retrograde Amnesia: Forget things from the past
Forget starting from recent past going to distant past
33.
Sensory Memory: The immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
34.
Short Term Memory: Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
35.
Source Amnesia: Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about read about or imagined
The heart of many false memories
36.
Storage: Retaining that information
37.
Storage Decay: Poor durability of stored memories leads to their decay
38.
Working Memory: A newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
39.
Working Memory: Limited capacity (7±2)
Can be improved by chunking
Short duration (20 seconds)
Can be lengthened by rehearsal
