Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | primary energy-transferring molecule in the cell. |
| Alcohols | organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups. |
| Aldehydes | an organic molecule with a carbonyl group at the end (terminal) of the carbon skeleton. |
| Amines | organic compounds with one or more amino groups. |
| Amino Group | (—NH2) a functional group composed of nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton. Can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1. |
| Carbonyl Group | a functional group present in aldehydes and ketones consisting of an oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon atom. |
| Carboxylic acid | organic acids; compounds containing a carboxyl group. |
| Carboxyl Group | a functional group present in organic acids consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.(—COOH) |
| Enantiomers | molecules that are mirror images of each other |
| Functional Groups | components (specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeleton) of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions |
| Geometric Isomers | compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms. |
| Hydrocarbons | an organic molecule made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
| Hydroxyl Group | a functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond(—OH), which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of a molecule. Molecules possessing this group are water soluble and called alcohols. |
| Isomers | organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structure and therefore different properties. The 3 types are structural, geometric, and enantiomers. |
| Ketones | Name of carbonyl compound when it is within the C-skeleton |
| Organic Chemistry | study of carbon compounds (organic compounds). |
| Phosphate Group | a functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms and is important in energy transfer. |
| Structural Isomers | compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. |
| Sulfhydryl Group | (—SH) a functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. |
| Thiols | organic compounds containing sulfahydryl groups. |
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